Franklinernst2986

capriscus after its major decline in abundance. The differences in physical and biotic characteristics of the East and West Atlantic regions and the differences in collection methods of samples make direct comparisons of growth parameters difficult. Nonetheless, overall differences in maximum sizes and ages were apparent; the western Atlantic population had a larger maximum size and older maximum age. The authors also documented that sagittal otoliths can be used to provide age estimates for triggerfish species, and otoliths as an ageing structure had better between-reader precision compared to dorsal spines.Otolith morphology is a widely accepted tool for species identification in teleost fish, but whether this holds true for very small species remains to be explored. Here, the saccular otoliths of the cryptobenthic Mediterranean clingfish Gouania (Gobiesocidae) are described for the first time. The new data, although preliminary, indicate that otolith morphology and morphometry support the recognition of the recently differentiated five species of Gouania in the Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, otoliths of phylogenetically closely related Gouania species resemble each other more than do those of the more distantly related species.

To evaluate the circulation lifespan of forks and teaspoons in an institutional tearoom.

Longitudinal quality improvement study, based on prospective tracking of marked teaspoons and forks.

Staff tearoom in a public teaching and research hospital, Brisbane.

Tearoom patrons blinded to the purposes of the study.

Stainless steel forks and teaspoons (18 each) were marked with red spots and introduced alongside existing cutlery (81 items) in the tearoom.

Twice weekly count of marked forks and teaspoons for seven weeks; baseline and end of study count of all utensils on day 45.

The loss of marked teaspoons (six of 18) was greater than that of forks (one of 18) by the conclusion of the study period (P=0.038). The overall rate of utensil loss was 2.2 per 100 days for teaspoons and spoons, and -2.2 per 100 days for forks and knives.

Teaspoon disappearance is a more substantial problem than fork migration in a multidisciplinary staff tearoom, and may reflect different kleptomaniacal or individual appropriation tendencies. If giving cutlery this Christmas, give teaspoons, not forks. The symbolism of fork rebirth or resurrection is appropriate for both Christmas and Easter, and forks are also mighty useful implements for eating cake!

Teaspoon disappearance is a more substantial problem than fork migration in a multidisciplinary staff tearoom, and may reflect different kleptomaniacal or individual appropriation tendencies. If giving cutlery this Christmas, give teaspoons, not forks. The symbolism of fork rebirth or resurrection is appropriate for both Christmas and Easter, and forks are also mighty useful implements for eating cake!

To characterise the working arrangements of medical research scientists and support staff in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate factors (in particular wearing pyjamas) that influence the self-assessed productivity and mental health of medical institute staff working from home.

Prospective cohort survey study, 30 April - 18 May 2020.

Staff (scientists and non-scientists) and students at five medical research institutes in Sydney, New South Wales.

Self-assessed overall and task-specific productivity, and mental health.

The proportions of non-scientists and scientists who wore pyjamas during the day were similar (3% v 11%; P=0.31). Wearing pyjamas was not associated with differences in self-evaluated productivity, but was significantly associated with more frequent reporting of poorer mental health than non-pyjama wearers while working from home (59% v 26%; P<0.001). Having children in the home were significantly associated with changes in productivity. Larger proportions of peoed with pyjama wearing during work and by providing support for working parents and early career researchers.Foundation species provide physical structure that enhances the diversity and abundance of associated organisms. Canopy-forming seaweeds are known to act as foundation species on rocky shores by lowering temperature and desiccation stress. Hippo inhibitor Direct solar radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) light, can also reduce photosynthetic rates in algae, cause oxidative stress and DNA damage. The reduction in UV exposure provided by an algal canopy could therefore be important for understory organisms, including the red alga Chondrus crispus on New England's (USA) rocky shores, and this relationship may be more important at higher tidal elevations with increased low-tide exposure time. In field experiments, we investigated the relationship between tidal elevation and an index of C. crispus UV exposure, the concentration of UV-absorbing pigments. Low on the shore, C. crispus grew without a canopy. Higher on the shore, in the mid-intertidal zone, C. crispus was found under the canopy-forming rockweed, Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens. At this elevation, C. crispus was shaded (>50%; >1 m above MLLW). We performed a canopy removal experiment that spanned the mid-zone where C. crispus and F. distichus subsp. evanescens co-occur and the low-zone (no canopy). Following canopy removal in the mid-zone, UV pigment concentrations increased with tidal elevation. After accounting for the effect of elevation, removal of the algal canopy resulted in UV-protective pigment concentrations 2-fold higher than in un-manipulated control plots. These results suggest that amelioration of solar UV exposure might be another mechanism by which canopy seaweeds, acting as foundation species, facilitate understory seaweeds on rocky shores.

This study explores the impacts of managing frequent maternal mortalities on obstetric healthcare providers in Ghana.

Two hundred and seventy obstetric providers at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana completed an electronic survey. Questions included coping strategies, sources and adequacy of support, training, and emotional impact. Logistic regression assessed predictors of perceived preparedness to manage maternal mortalities.

Over half of participants (55.1%) did not report adequate support to deal with maternal death and only 35.9% received training. The vast majority (96.4%) agreed that managing maternal deaths takes a large emotional toll-27.6% considered giving up their obstetric practice, half experienced guilt or shame, and half worried about legal or disciplinary action. After adjusting for age, gender, years in practice, and annual maternal mortalities managed, perceived adequacy of support (odds ratio [OR] 6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-14.7, P<0.001) and receiving training (OR 9.