Francomeyers8513

We found that pro-IL-18 was constitutively expressed by ARPE-19 cells, whereas the expression of pro-IL-1β was inducible by IL-1α priming. UVB induced the release of mature IL-18 and IL-1β but NLRP3 contributed only to the secretion of IL-1β. At the mechanistic level, the release of IL-1β was regulated by K+ efflux, whereas the secretion of IL-18 was dependent on ROS production. As well as K+ efflux, the cells released ATP following UVB exposure. Collectively, our data suggest that UVB clearly stimulates the secretion of mature IL-18 as a result of ROS induction, and this response is associated with DNA damage. Moreover, in human RPE cells, K+ efflux mediates the UVB-activated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, leading to the processing of IL-1β. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.OBJECTIVE Adolescents' sexual behaviors can be incongruent with those assumed to align with their sexual identity. Identity-behavior profiles permit the characterization of youth who might remain undetected using a single-dimensional assessment of sexual orientation. This study examined suicide risks among four distinct sexual identity-behavior profiles of youth heterosexual with other-sex partners only, heterosexual with any same-sex partners, lesbian or gay (LG) with same-sex partners only, and LG with any other-sex partners. METHOD Data were analyzed from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participants' reported sex, sexual identity, and the sex of their sexual contacts were used to construct the identity-behavior profiles. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between identity-behavior profiles and suicide outcomes. RESULTS Compared to heterosexual respondents with other-sex partners only, heterosexual respondents with any same-sex partners and LG respondents with same-sex partners only had greater odds of having a suicide plan; LG respondents with any other-sex partners were over seven times more likely to have suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide and 14 times more likely to have a suicide plan. CONCLUSIONS Health and mental health providers can expand the identification of youth at risk for suicide by assessing both sexual identity and behavior. © 2020 The American Association of Suicidology.AIM to identify activities performed by nursing assistants in acute and primary healthcare. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES The databases MedLine/PubMed, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched for empirical studies published in the English language between 2008 and 2018 that addressed the work of nursing assistants. REVIEW METHODS From an initial yield of 2,944 publications, 71 publications were retained for full text review and 20 publications included in this review. Activities undertaken by Nursing Assistants' from eight countries were extracted and categorised into one of six categories. RESULTS Over 200 activities were identified as being delegated to Nurse Assistants globally. Many of these activities are beyond the training of the Nurse Assistant and are being performed with limited Registred Nurse supervision. CONCLUSION Patient safety is at risk. Nurse Assistants' roles vary widely, with some seeing their role as similar to that of a regulated nurse, while recognising their need for additional training. IMPACT Over 31% of activities delegated to Nurse Assistants require skill and comprehension beyond their level of training. Patients and regulated nurses need to have confidence that Nursing Assistants responsible for care provision are appropriately trained and practicing within regulatory standards. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The human pathogenic bacterium Clostridioides difficile produces two exotoxins TcdA and TcdB, which inactivate Rho GTPases thereby causing C. difficile-associated diseases (CDAD) including life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis. Hypervirulent strains produce additionally the binary actin ADP-ribosylating toxin CDT. These strains are hallmarked by more severe forms of CDAD and increased frequency and severity. Once in the cytosol, the toxins act as enzymes resulting in the typical clinical symptoms. Therefore, targeting and inactivation of the released toxins are of peculiar interest. Prompted by earlier findings that human α-defensin-1 neutralizes TcdB, we investigated the effects of the defensin on all three C. difficile toxins. BTK inhibitor screening library Inhibition of TcdA, TcdB, and CDT was demonstrated by analyzing toxin-induced changes in cell morphology, substrate modification, and decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance. Application of α-defensin-1 protected cells and human intestinal organoids from the cytotoxic effects of TcdA, TcdB, CDT, and their combination which is attributed to a direct interaction between the toxins and α-defensin-1. In mice, the application of α-defensin-1 reduced the TcdA-induced damage of intestinal loops in vivo. In conclusion, human α-defensin-1 is a specific and potent inhibitor of the C. difficile toxins and a promising agent to develop novel therapeutic options against C. difficile infections. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera Drosophilidae) is an invasive, destructive crop pest that originated in South East Asia. D. suzukii recently invaded Western countries and is threatening both European and American fruit industries. It is extremely attracted to otherwise undamaged, ripening fruits, unlike most other Drosophila species that attack only decaying or rotten fruits. Recent studies on different insect species showed that several naturally occurring compounds of easy market availability showing deterrent action may be used to supplement mass catches with food traps. Based on these considerations, the aim of the present work was to test the effects of some natural compounds (alone or in the mixture) on the olfactory system of the D. suzukii and the behavioral responses evoked. We measured by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, the olfactory sensitivity of antennae to increasing concentrations of eugenol, vanillin, menthol, cis-jasmone; eugenol + vanillin, +menthol, +cis-jasmone; vanillin + menthol, +cis-jasmone.