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74 [0.39-1.46]), or 3 months of DAPT (HR, 1.00 [0.54-1.86]) followed by aspirin monotherapy. Except for de-escalation of DAPT to aspirin monotherapy after 3-months (HR, 0.75 [0.43-1.20]), de-escalation to P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1-month (HR, 0.28 [0.10-0.83]), or 3-months (HR, 0.57 [0.33-0.98]) were associated with significant decrease in total bleeding events. There were no significant differences in terms of ischemic endpoints among different DAPT strategies. CONCLUSION Early de-escalation of DAPT (1-3 months) to monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor instead of aspirin might be a safer and equally effective approach compared with 12 months of DAPT in patients with PCI and DES. © Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2020. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.AIMS The objective was to assess the association between angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) prescription at discharge in patients hospitalized for symptomatic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) and one-year mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS The COPART registry is a multicentre, prospective, observational, cohort study which includes consecutive patients hospitalized for symptomatic LEAD in 4 French academic centres. All-cause mortality during a one-year follow-up after hospital discharge was compared between patients with ARB, patients with ACEI and patients without ARB or ACEI. Analyses were performed using Cox models. As a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score (PS)-matching analysis was carried out. Among 1,981 patients, 421 had ARB (21.3%), 766 ACEI (38.7%), and 794 no ACEI/ARB (40.1%) at discharge. During the one-year follow-up, incidence rates for mortality were 12.6/100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 9.7-16.1) for patients with ARB, 15.8/100 person-years (95%CI, 13.4-18.6) for patients with ACEI and 19.8/100 person-years for patients without ACEI/ARB (95%CI, 17.2-22.8). In a multivariate Cox model, ARB at discharge was associated with decreased mortality compared with no ACEI/ARB, hazard ratio (HR) 0.68 (95%CI, 0.49-0.95), and with ACEI, HR 0.69 (95%CI, 0.49-0.97). These results are consistent with those obtained by the Cox analyses in the PS-matched sample HR 0.68 (95%CI, 0.47-0.98) for patients with ARB compared with no ARB. selleck products CONCLUSION ARB at discharge after hospitalization for symptomatic LEAD is associated with a better survival compared with ACEI or no ACEI/ARB. © Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2020. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Relatively little is known about the processes shaping population structure in cooperatively breeding insect species, despite the long-hypothesized importance of population structure in shaping patterns of cooperative breeding. Polistes paper wasps are primitively eusocial insects, with a cooperative breeding system in which females often found nests in cooperative associations. Prior mark-recapture studies of Polistes have documented extreme female philopatry, although genetic studies frequently fail to detect the strong population structure expected for highly philopatric species. Together these findings have led to lack of consensus on the degree of dispersal and population structure in these species. This study assessed population structure of female P. fuscatus wasps at three scales within a single site, throughout Central New York, and across the Northeastern USA. Patterns of spatial genetic clustering and isolation by distance were observed in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes at the continental scale. Remarkably, population structure was evident even at fine spatial scales within a single collection site. However, P. fuscatus had low levels of genetic differentiation across long distances. These results suggest that P. fuscatus wasps may employ multiple dispersal strategies, including extreme natal philopatry as well as longer distance dispersal. We observed greater genetic differentiation in mitochondrial genes than in the nuclear genome, indicative of increased dispersal distances in males. Our findings support the hypothesis that limited female dispersal contributes towards population structure in paper wasps. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.Upon dietary exposure, the endogenous metabolism responds to the diet-derived nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. However, the responses vary remarkably due to the interplay with other dietary components, lifestyle exposures, and intrinsic factors, which lead to differences in endogenous regulatory metabolism. These physiological processes are evidenced as a signature profile composed of various metabolites constituting metabolic phenotypes, or metabotypes. The metabolic profiling of biological samples following dietary intake hence would provide information about diet-that is, as the intake biomarkers and the ongoing physiological reactions triggered by this intake-thereby enable evaluation of the metabolic basis required to distinguish the different metabotypes. The capacity of nontargeted metabolomics to also encompass the unprecedented metabolite species has enabled the profiling of multiple metabolites and the corresponding metabotypes with a single analysis, decoding the complex i with future research opportunities. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.SUMMARY Plasmids can horizontally transmit genetic traits, enabling rapid bacterial adaptation to new environments and hosts. Short-read whole-genome sequencing data is often applied to large-scale bacterial comparative genomics projects but the reconstruction of plasmids from these data is facing severe limitations, such as the inability to distinguish plasmids from each other in a bacterial genome. We developed gplas, a new approach to reliably separate plasmid contigs into discrete components using sequence composition, coverage, assembly graph information and network partitioning based on a pruned network of plasmid unitigs. Gplas facilitates the analysis of large numbers of bacterial isolates and allows a detailed analysis of plasmid epidemiology based solely on short read sequence data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Gplas is written in R, Bash and uses a Snakemake pipeline as a workflow management system. Gplas is available under the GNU General Public License v3.0 at https//gitlab.com/sirarredondo/gplas.