Fournierpereira8837

Lupin is slated as a potential contributor towards future food security. Lupin possesses several nutritional and nutraceutical attributes, many linked to seed proteins. For in-depth characterisation of the lupin proteome, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to evaluate four protein extraction procedures. The proteomes of three narrow-leafed lupin were qualitatively evaluated using protein/peptide identifications and further quantitatively assessed by data-independent proteome measurement. Each extraction buffer led to unique protein identifications; altogether yielding 2,760 protein identifications from lupin varieties. Torin 1 The analysis of protein abundance data highlighted distinct differences between Tris-HCl and urea extracted proteomes, while also revealing variation amongst the cultivar proteomes with the wild accession (P27255) distinctly different from the domesticated cultivars (Tanjil, Unicrop). The extraction buffer used influenced the proteome coverage, downstream functional annotation results and consequently the biological interpretation demonstrating the need to optimise and understand the impact of protein extraction conditions.Rhubarb has been used as herbal purgative with a worldwide long history. In traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb can be stir-baked to scorch to eliminate the purgative function when it is a side effect. Under-scorched rhubarb still has the side effect of purgative, while over-scorched rhubarb can lose all bioactivities. Empirically, the degree of scorching is determined by manual observation of the rhubarb color. In order to find the reasonable and objective scorching endpoint criteria, visible spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC were used to reveal the color-reflected chemical changes. It was found that the blackening of rhubarb corresponded to the elimination of combined anthraquinones and the rise-fall inflection of free anthraquinones. The scorching endpoint criteria should include the upper limit for combined anthraquinones to avoid under-scorch and the lower limit for free anthraquinones to avoid over-scorch. Visible and FTIR spectroscopy can be process analytical techniques for the rhubarb scorching.Traditional sample preparation methods for insecticide analysis are laborious and fatal to living organisms. In the work, an in vivo sampling rate calibrated-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was established and successfully used for in vivo sampling and quantitative determination of three insecticides (hexachlorobenzene, fipronil and chlorfenapyr) by direct exposing micron-sized fiber in living garlic. Absorption, enrichment, migration and elimination behavior of insecticides in garlic were investigated. Bioaccumulative effects with obvious tissue differences were observed to all three insecticides, especially for chlorfenapyr. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranging from 0.0342 to 1.0887 were obtained, and the closer to roots, the higher BCFs. The half-life of insecticides in garlic ranged from 0.43 to 0.96 d. In the first 24 h, 55.0% - 80.3% insecticides residues in garlic were eliminated with first-order elimination kinetics. The research provides in vivo insights into the environmental fates of insecticides in complex living system with minimized organism damage.We used computational molecular dynamics (MD) to assess molecular conformations of apo- and holo-forms (respectively without and with Ca2+) of bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) at different temperatures, and to correlate them with the protein's foaming properties. At 4 °C and 25 °C no major protein conformation changes occurred. At 75 °C, lots of changes were evidenced the Ca2+ depletion triggered the complete loss of h2b, h3c helices and S1, S2 and S3 β-sheets, and partial losses of H1, H2 and H3 α-helices. The absence of Ca2+ in apo-α-La and its leaving from holo-α-La triggered electrostatic repulsion among Asp82, Asp84 and Asp87, leading to the formation of a hydrophobic cluster involving Phe9, Phe31, Ile1, Va42, Ile55, Phe80 and Leu81. These conformational changes were related to an interfacial tension decrease and to a foaming capacity increase, for both apo-α-La and holo-α-La. This study exemplifies how powerful MD is as a tool to provide a better understanding of the molecular origins of food proteins' techno-functionalities.Lentil protein isolate (LPI) was conjugated with plant polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, ellagic acid), and the structural and functional characteristics of the conjugates were determined in comparison with the proteins and pure polyphenols. The interaction between polyphenols and protein was achieved by a grafting method at pH 9.0 in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Surface plasmon resonance measurements showed polyphenols' direct interaction with LPI, with the order of binding strength quercetin > ellagic acid > rutin. The degree of conjugation also followed the same order. Structural analysis of the conjugates was performed using FTIR, intrinsic fluorescence, and surface hydrophobicity. A significant improvement in DPPḢ radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the conjugates was observed compared to the polyphenols. However, there was a decrease in the surface activity of the conjugates compared to LPI. Such conjugation provides a novel way to combine the advantages of using plant protein and polyphenols in developing a novel food ingredient.The purpose of this study was to perform phytochemical analysis of tea from Sambucus ebulus fruits concerning hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonol glucosides, stilbenes and proanthocyanidin mono-, di- and trimers content. In total, 33 compounds were identified and quantified using UPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS system and the results are presented in mg/g dry weight (DW). Among analyzed hydroxycinnamic acids, 5-Caffeoylquinic acid (114.17 mg/g) was most abundant, followed by 3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid (50.33 mg/g) and 3-p-Feruloylquinic acid, p-Coumaric acid glucoside and 4-p-Coumaroylquinic acid (31.36 mg/g, 29.78 mg/g and 27.70 mg/g, respectively). Flavonol glucosides were represented predominantly by Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, Quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-galactoside Quercetin-3-O-glucoside and Quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside (3.68 mg/g, 3.22 mg/g, 2.87 mg/g and 2.56 mg/g, respectively). trans-Resveratrol-3-O-glucoside, epicatechin (40.62 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin di- and -trimers (19.90 mg/g - 31.42 mg/g) also were present in the tea. ABTS cation decolorization assay revealed 1.248 mM UAE activity and the percent of DPPH radical scavenging was 14.25%, corresponding to 39.07 μM Trolox equivalents.Rutin, a plant flavonol characterized by a wide range of biological effects, has limited application in foods because of its low water solubility and scarce bioavailability. This work aimed to investigate the encapsulation of a rutin-rich extract (200.6 ± 1.5 mg/g of rutin) from Ruta chalepensis L. in zein nanoparticles (hydrodynamic diameter of 80-170 nm) prepared by antisolvent precipitation and stabilized by gum arabic (GA). The addition of GA (11 mass ratio with zein) significantly reduced the instability phenomena of zein nanoparticles through the deposition of a negatively charged layer as evidenced by the zeta potential and the UV-visible measurement, suggesting an electrostatic interaction between zein and GA. It also contributed to enhancing the encapsulation efficiency of rutin and inducing a rapid release during simulated digestion. link2 These findings show that zein/GA nanoparticles represent a promising delivery system for natural extracts, fabricated through a facile and versatile process.To improve the quality of cultured large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), this study was performed to study the impacts of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the nutritional value, growth performance, muscle texture, and taste intensity of L. crocea. The results showed that GML as a feed additive significantly increased the crude lipid content and reduced the diameters of muscle fibers, which in turn markedly altered the flesh texture in terms of cohesiveness. Moreover, the taste indicators (umami and richness) and flavor-related amino acid (glutamic acid, glycine, and proline) contents of L. link3 crocea muscle were significantly higher in the GML group. Metabolomic and gene expression analyses showed that GML supplementation could significantly improve amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, promote protein and lipid synthesis, and activate myogenic-related signaling pathways of L. crocea. Consequently, adding an appropriate amount of GML to fish feed would be conducive to providing healthy, nutrient-rich and acceptably flavored aquatic-products.The brominated flame retardant, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO), has been shown to decrease fecundity in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and there is indirect evidence from analysis of the transcriptome and proteome that this effect might be due to impaired oogenesis. An assay for disruption of oocyte maturation by chemical stressors has not been developed in Japanese medaka. Thus, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model, objectives of the present study were to determine whether exposure to TBCO has effects on maturation of oocytes and to investigate potential mechanisms. Sexually mature female zebrafish were given a diet of 35.3 or 628.8 μg TBCO / g food for 14 days after which, stage IV oocytes were isolated to assess maturation in response to maturation inducing hormone. To explore potential molecular mechanisms, abundances of mRNAs of a suite of genes that regulate oocyte maturation were quantified by use of quantitative real-time PCR, and abundances of microRNAs were determined by use of miRNAsequlin-like growth factor signaling and expression of microRNAs.

Current diagnostic criteria of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) rely on neuropsychological assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate if gray matter volumes (GMV) can distinguish people with HAND, neurocognitively unimpaired people with HIV (unimpaired PWH), and uninfected controls using linear discriminant analyses.

A total of 231 participants, including 110 PWH and 121 uninfected controls, completed a neuropsychological assessment and an MRI protocol. Among PWH, HAND (n=48) and unimpaired PWH (n=62) designations were determined using the widely accepted Frascati criteria. We then assessed the extent to which GMV, corrected for intracranial volume, could accurately distinguish the three groups using linear discriminant analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy were computed for each model using the classification results based on GMV compared to the neuropsychological assessment.

The best performing model was comprised of bilaterally combined GMV and was stratified by sex. Among males, sensitivity was 85.2% (95% CI 66.3%-95.8%), specificity was 97.0% (95% CI 91.6%-99.4%), and the AUC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.83-0.99). Among females, sensitivity was 100.0% (95% CI 83.9%-100.0%), specificity was 98.8% (95% CI 93.4%-100.0%), and the AUC was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00).

GMV accurately discriminated HAND from unimpaired PWH and controls. Measures of GMV may be highly sensitive to HAND, and revisions to the Frascati criteria should consider including GMV in conjunction with a neuropsychological assessment to diagnose HAND.

GMV accurately discriminated HAND from unimpaired PWH and controls. Measures of GMV may be highly sensitive to HAND, and revisions to the Frascati criteria should consider including GMV in conjunction with a neuropsychological assessment to diagnose HAND.