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Described herein are necropsy findings in 97 patients aged 22 to 82 years (mean 55), 37 women, 60 men, studied at necropsy with acute aortic dissection (AD) with the intimal-medial tear in the ascending aorta. The cases were studied from 1966 to 1989, a period when echocardiography and computed tomography were relatively infrequently available for diagnosis of AD. Arteriography was the method for diagnosis in most cases. Of the 97 cases, 30(31%) had operative intervention and 67 did not. Most appeared to have had systemic hypertension before the acute AD; only 4 had previous heart failure; only 8 had considerable atherosclerotic coronary disease; only 4 had a left ventricular (LV) scar and in each it was small; most (96%) had a normal-sized LV cavity (suggesting normal cardiac indices in them), and the other 4 had only a mildly dilated cavity; the heart weight in all 97 patients was increased; the quantity of subepicardial adipose tissue was increased in most patients, and the frequency of a congenitally malformed aortic valve was much higher than in the general population (6% - vs- 1%), but still uncommon. Thus, in > 90% of patients with acute Type A AD, coronary atherosclerosis was insignificant, myocardial fibrosis is absent, and the aortic valve has 3 cusps without stenosis.In 2017, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Sleep Technology Agenda emphasized the impacts of sleep health on road safety. An official meeting between the Department of Transportation of United States and the International Sleep Science and Technology Association took place in Washington, DC, on February 3, 2020. This was followed by several meetings in Taiwan advocated by the International Sleep Science and Technology Association Taiwan Chapter. We hope to raise the awareness in the government sectors, and to provide the scientific evidence of verified sleep and fatigue-monitoring technologies to avoid numerous tragedies on the road from its root cause.Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for plants and mammals and its deficiency affects billions of people worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil Zn fertilization and foliar Zn sprays in different phenological stages of the plant on the grain nutritional quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field experiments were carried out in two consecutive harvest years under no-till system in an Oxisol. Two commercial common bean cultivars were used BRS Esteio (black bean) and IPR Campos Gerais (Carioca bean). Total concentration of Zn, amino acids, sucrose, total sugars and storage proteins (albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin) in grains were evaluated. The cultivar BRS Esteio exhibited higher grain enrichment with Zn than the cultivar IPR Campos Gerais, showing genotypic variation. Single foliar Zn spray of 600 g ha-1 at the initial grain filling stage was shown to be the best way to improve the grain Zn concentration, without affecting grain yield. Foliar Zn spray at the final stage of grain filling favored the increase of Zn concentration in the pods over the Zn concentration in the grains. Agronomic biofortification of bean grains with Zn was more efficient with foliar Zn spraying than with the soil Zn fertilization, however, the soil Zn application favored the increase of concentrations of total amino acids and storage proteins (albumin, globulin and glutelin) in the grains. Agronomic biofortification proved to be efficient in increasing concentrations of Zn and storage proteins in common bean grains.Liposoluble antioxidants, including natural and synthetic antioxidants, are substances to prevent lipid oxidation. From previous studies, the interaction of antioxidants may be the main reason for the poor correlation between liposoluble phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in oils. This review brings together information concerning the types and mechanisms of antioxidant interactions in terms of structure and active groups. A critical summary of the interactions between liposoluble antioxidants (synergistic effects, antagonistic effects and additive effects) is given. Factors including the diverse structure, combinations with different concentrations or proportions, and the reaction system which affect the interactions between liposoluble antioxidants, along with the opportunities and challenges in future study are also discussed. However, the influencing factors and mechanism still require further investigation. It is proposed that the studies in whole foods system and in vivo along with the related interaction mechanism should be considered in future.One of the most common concerns in the cereal industry is the presence of fungi and their associated mycotoxins. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has been proposed recently as one of the most potent tools to manage fungal associated contamination. The introduction of a spatial dimension to the spectral analysis allows the selection of the specific regions of the sample for further screening. Single kernel analysis would enable the discrimination of the highly contaminated kernels to establish a mitigation strategy, overcoming the contamination heterogeneity of cereal batches. selleck products This document is a detailed review of the HSI recently published studies that aimed to discriminate fungi and mycotoxin contaminated single cereal kernels. The most relevant findings showed that fungal infection and mycotoxins levels discrimination accuracies were above 90% and 80%, respectively. The results indicate that NIR-HSI is suitable for the detection of fungal-related contamination in single kernels and it has potential to be applied at food industry stages.Rapeseed napin (Brassica napus) protein-derived hydrolysates (RNPHs, 1-4) are mixtures of peptides, prior to reaching liver tissue and playing their antidiabetic role, at least being absorbed and metabolized by the intestinal barrier. The study aims at screening and identifying high bioavailable rapessed napin-derived oligopeptides via simulated gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Specifically, RNPHs were obtained using a novel ultrasound-assisted digestive device. The potential capacity of treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was evaluated preliminarily via enhancing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation. Also, absorbable rapeseed napin-derived oligopeptides were screened and identified in a Caco-2/HepG2 co-culture model using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). The results involved mainly two aspects. First, absorbable oligopeptides from RNPH-1 (Molecular weight, Mw ≤ 3 kDa) with the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) were the optimal ones to enhance GLUT4 expression and translocation (P less then 0.05). Secondly, oligopeptides (Thr-His-Leu-Pro-Lys (THLPK), His-Leu-Pro-Lys (HLPK), (Ile) Leu-Pro-Lys ((I)LPK), His-Leu-Lys (HLK), and Leu-His-Lys (LHK)), identified from both RNPH-1 and RNPH-2 which significantly enhanced GLUT4 expression and translocation, could be absorbed intact and reached HepG2 cells. These findings indicated that high bioavailable oligopeptides from RNPHs were the potential usefulness to treat T2DM in vitro.This study focus for the first time, in looking for age-gender effects on in vivo volatile release during wine consumption, also considering oral physiological differences (e.g. saliva composition). To do so, the in-mouth Head Space Sorptive Extraction technique was used, which allowed monitoring the oral release of twenty-four different types of volatile compounds from white and red wines. Thirty-two individuals (n = 32) males and females, belonging to two different age groups young (18-35 y.o) and senior (>55 y.o.) participated in this analytical in vivo study. Results showed differences in volatile release among age-gender groups, which also depended on the volatile compound and wine type. Senior groups (SM, SF) showed a similar release behaviour among them. Contrarily, young males showed a higher release (between 10 and 29%) of alcohols and esters indistinctly of the wine type, while young females showed the lowest oral volatile release among the four age-gender groups. Gender differences in volatile release were more evident in young than in seniors. A higher release of furanic compounds (furfural and 5-methyl furfural) in seniors was likely related to differences in their saliva composition (total protein content, minerals (Mg, Zn) and α-amylase activity).Glycated protein is a kind of substance that often exists in the human body through the combination of sugar and protein under enzyme or non-enzyme conditions. Enzyme-catalyzed glycated proteins are widely distributed in the human body and participate in life activities such as human growth and immune regulation. Non-enzymatic glycated protein is often related to cancer, aging, diabetes and other diseases, but in vitro non-enzymatic glycated protein has utility value after modification. This review not only discussed the effects of enzymatic glycated protein on human intestinal health, immune regulation and cancer prevention. The inhibition methods of non-enzymatic glycated protein in food processing, digestion, absorption and metabolism were also elucidated.Microorganisms in low-moisture foods (LMFs) exhibit prolonged survivability and high heat resistance. Various external factors (water, food texture, nutritional compounds, etc.) influence the microbial heat resistance in LMFs; yet, the influential degree of each factor is not fully understood. In this study, the thermal resistance parameters (D and z values) of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT 30 (S. Enteritidis) at 80, 85, and 90 °C at the room-temperature water activity (aw, 25°C) of 0.32 ± 0.02 were measured. A series of egg powders with different fat and protein ratios (obtained by mixing egg white and yolk powders) were chosen as the model foods. Primary and secondary models were built from the isothermal inactivation kinetics of S. Enteritidis in the tested samples. The importance of fat and protein was then confirmed by controlling the water activity at the treatment temperature (aw, treatment temperature) via thermal water activity cells. The survivor curves of S. Enteritidis fitted well with the Weibull-type and log-linear models. The D values of S. Enteritidis increased with increasing fat (0-56.7%, w.b.) and decreasing protein contents (83.59-31.81%, w.b.). Incorporating the modified Bigelow model into the log-linear model yielded the zfat and zprotein of 58.96 and 57.14, respectively. At the controlled aw, 90°C of 0.32 ± 0.02, the D90°C values of S. Enteritidis increased remarkably (P protein. Fat considerably increased the thermal resistance of S. Enteritidis even at the same aw,treatment temperature. This study quantified the effect of fat and protein on the thermal resistance of S. Enteritidis and emphasized the non-negligible effects of food components in LMFs' microbial safety.Food spoilage and waste, human and animal poisoning, and even death caused by foodborne microorganisms remain extensive concerns in food safety. The global demand for functional, eco-friendly, and efficient antimicrobial food packaging is increasing. However, the bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects of most conventional food packaging display limited action, and their major components are petrochemical materials (non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and not environmentally friendly), and the current target microorganisms easily acquire drug-resistant. Therefore, the development of more effective, sustainable and safe antimicrobial materials has become a research hotspot in food packaging. This paper systematically reviews the latest research on antimicrobial active packaging materials combining renewable and biodegradable polysaccharide-based substrates with green organic guanidine-based polymers, inorganic chlorine dioxide, or natural antimicrobial agents (such as essential oils, other plant extracts, chitosan, propolis, protein, bacteriocin, probiotics, and bacteriophages).