Fossbak8220

Crossing the intestinal epithelial cell barrier safely and reaching the blood with therapeutic levels of bioactive insulin have been the ultimate goal of oral insulin delivery. The optimum way to overcome the barrier lies in the design of an efficient high drug loading carrier, that can protect insulin from the harsh Gastrointestinal (GI) environment and enhance its uptake and transport by epithelial cells. In the present study, we developed a multi-layered insulin loading strategy on an anionic nanoliposome surface based on electrostatic interaction with chitosan. The layer-by-layer (LbL) coated nanoliposomes achieved high insulin loading (10.7% by weight) and offered superior protection with limited release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (about 6% in 1 h), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) (2% in two weeks), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (5% in two weeks). Intracellular imaging revealed that the LbL coated liposomes were internalized and intracellularly trafficked towards the basolateral side of the Caco-2 monolayer. Transported insulin demonstrated retention of bioactivity while crossing the epithelial barrier in the glucose uptake study in 3T3 L1-MBX adipocytes. In rat studies, oral administration of the formulation resulted in rapid absorption with a peak in plasma insulin levels 0.5 h post oral gavaging. This technology thus serves as a promising platform for potential oral insulin applications.Herein we describe the PhI(OAc)2-mediated 1,1- and 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes with N-tosyl amino alcohols to form oxazolidine and morpholine derivatives. This transformation was realized under mild reaction conditions and allows application to various substrates furnishing the multi-substituted oxazolidines and morpholines with yields up to 98%. Forskolin A deuterium-labeling experiment was carried out and the result indicated that a phenyl group migration occurred to generate oxazolidine products.A method for palladium-catalyzed carbonylative C-S bond activation of divinyl sulfides to synthesize numerous tert-(E)-butyl arylacry-lates under 1 bar of CO has been developed. Employing electron-rich NHC as the ligand, the electron-rich and stabilized palladium complex trend to oxidative addition to the relatively inert C-S bond and decreased the poisoning effect of sulfide and CO; a series of tert-(E)-butyl acrylates were obtained in moderate to good yields.Li-CO2 batteries are promising energy storage devices owing to their high energy density and possible applications for CO2 capture. However, still some critical issues, such as high charging overpotential and poor cycling stability caused by the sluggish decomposition of Li2CO3 discharge products, need to be addressed before the practical applications of Li-CO2 batteries. Exploring highly efficient catalysts and understanding their catalytic mechanisms for the CO2 reduction reaction (CORR) and evolution reaction (COER) are critical for the application of Li-CO2 batteries. However, the direct imaging of electrocatalysis during CORR and COER is still elusive. Herein, we report the in situ imaging of electrocatalysis during CORR and COER in a Li-CO2 nanobattery using a Ni-Ru-coated α-MnO2 nanowire (Ni-Ru/MnO2) cathode in an advanced aberration corrected environmental transmission electron microscope. During the CORR, a thick Li2CO3 and carbon mixture layer was formed on the surface of the Ni-Ru/MnO2 nanowires via 4Li+ + 3CO2 + 4e-→ 2Li2CO3 + C. During the COER, the as-formed Li2CO3 decomposed via 2Li2CO3→ 2CO2 + O2 + 4Li+ + 4e-, while the as-formed amorphous carbon remained. In contrast, the decomposition of Li2CO3 on bare MnO2 nanowires was difficult, underscoring the important Ni-Ru bimetal electrocatalytic role in facilitating the COER. Our results provide an important understanding of the CO2 chemistry in Li-CO2 batteries, possibly helping in the designing of Li-CO2 batteries for energy storage applications.Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic situation due to a new viral infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel virus (Sars-CoV-2). COVID-19 is today the leading cause of death from viral infections in the world. It is known that many elements play important roles in viral infections, both in virus survival, and in the activation of the host's immune system, which depends on the presence of micronutrients to maintain the integrity of its functions. In this sense, the metallome can be an important object of study for understanding viral infections. Therefore, this work presents an overview of the role of trace elements in the immune system and the state of the art in metallomics, highlighting the challenges found in studies focusing on viral infections.Inspired by nature, active matter exemplified by self-organization of motile units into macroscopic structures holds great promise for advanced tunable materials capable of flocking, shape-shifting, and self-healing. Active particles driven by external fields have repeatedly demonstrated potential for complex self-organization and collective behavior, yet how to guide the direction of their collective motion largely remains unexplored. Here, we report a system of microscopic ferromagnetic rollers driven by an alternating magnetic field that demonstrates programmable control of the direction of a self-organized coherent vortical motion (i.e., chirality). Facilitated by a droplet confinement, the rollers get synchronized and display either right- or left-handed spontaneous vortical motion, such that their moving direction determines the vortex chirality. We reveal that one can remotely command a flock of magnetic rollers to switch or maintain its chiral state by modulating a phase shift of the sinusoidal magnetic field powering the active rollers. Building on our findings, we realize a self-assembled remotely controlled micro-pump architecture capable of switching the fluid transport direction on demand. Our studies may stimulate new design strategies for directed transport and flocking robotics at the microscale based on active colloids.The separation and recovery of key nuclides such as uranium and plutonium from effluents related to nuclear industry is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of nuclear energy resources and protecting the environment and human health. However, the high temperature, strong acidity and radioactivity of the nuclear effluents pose a severe challenge to the separation materials used in such conditions. The diversity of structure, flexibility of design, and excellent physicochemical stability of covalent organic framework materials (COFs) provide the possibility for the directional design and preparation of adsorbents for use under harsh conditions. Herein, three COFs with similar structure, different pore sizes and connecting modules were synthesized. The ingenious structure predesign enables Dp-COF to have three carboxyl groups oriented toward the pore center and laid out in appropriate spatial positions, which builds hydrogen-bonding bridges between carboxycarbonyl and hydroxyl groups, and thus constructs for the first time a unique COF material with a double-ring pore.