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52%, 8.33%, and 3.92% of respondents, respectively. Dental sharps such as endodontic files and orthodontic wires were reported as well. Dentists with higher educational backgrounds, mostly exposed to more complicated cases, were more likely to experience accidental swallowing (odds ratio of 2.90, 95% CI 1.61-5.21).

Our results indicate that accidental swallowing in child patients appeared to occur more frequently than anticipated. Awareness on patient safety of dental professionals and preventive measures against accidental swallowing when dealing with child patients should be greatly emphasized.

Our results indicate that accidental swallowing in child patients appeared to occur more frequently than anticipated. Awareness on patient safety of dental professionals and preventive measures against accidental swallowing when dealing with child patients should be greatly emphasized.

To describe the enamel and dentin fluoride mineralization process in practical application and assess the fluoride gel (NaF 1.23%) effectiveness in dental caries prevention for elderly patients.

Two different types of study were applied (a) experimental study of fluoride mineralization of enamel and dentin

 ; (b) clinical controlled interventional studies of the effectiveness in dental caries prevention using 1.23% fluoride gel. Experimental research was performed in laboratory conditions. Teeth of the elderly extracted due to dental diseases served as research objects. Enamel surface and dental root surface were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after demineralization with 37% phosphoric acid within 15 s, as well as after remineralization with toothpaste and 1.23% fluoride gel. Controlled clinical research included 218 older people divided into two groups (intervention group,

= 106; control group,

= 112). In the intervention group, the application of the gel lasts 4 mi.8%, and in the intervention group it increased from 30.8% to 17.0%. A comparison of the 1.23% fluoride gel with toothpaste shows that the former exhibits performance in protecting teeth from decay and it is 108.2% more effective than the latter.

Practical experiments proved the function of remineralizing the enamel and dentin of 1.23% fluoride gel on the teeth of the elderly. Intervention research has proven the performance of preventing dental decay from 1.23% fluoride gel for the elderly in question.

Practical experiments proved the function of remineralizing the enamel and dentin of 1.23% fluoride gel on the teeth of the elderly. Intervention research has proven the performance of preventing dental decay from 1.23% fluoride gel for the elderly in question.

To evaluate the buccal bone wall thickness of anterosuperior teeth and the dimension and morphology of the nasopalatine duct in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of patients treated in two cities at different altitudes.

In this retrospective analytical study, 79 CBCT scans were selected from a total of 347 in Juliaca, Peru (3824 m a.s.l.) and 171 CBCT scans were selected from a total of 622 in Lima, Peru (154 m a.s.l.). The buccal bone wall thickness of anterosuperior teeth was measured at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm from the alveolar crest. For the nasopalatine duct, its length and diameter were measured, and its anatomical shape was determined in coronal view. Descriptive statistical data such as mean and standard deviation were used, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for bivariate analysis.

When comparing the CBCT scans from both cities, significant differences were observed in buccal bone wall thickness at 3 mm and 5 mm from the alveolar crest (

< 0.01 and

< 0.01, respectively); for men, at 1 nificant differences were found in the length and diameter of the nasopalatine duct at the nasal opening. In addition, the most frequent shape of the nasopalatine duct was the simple canal.

Patients living at different altitudes presented significant differences in buccal bone wall thickness according to sex and age; however, there were no differences related to dental inclination. Significant differences were found in the length and diameter of the nasopalatine duct at the nasal opening. Etomoxir In addition, the most frequent shape of the nasopalatine duct was the simple canal.

Seventy million people are affected by gastroenteral (GI) disturbances throughout the world. Oral cavity possesses various bacteria that remain as healthy commensals or turn pathogenic due to shift of balance with disturbances in health, which is reflected in the oral cavity too. Studies have shown a possible oro-systemic link. This study aimed at assessing the effect of GI disease on oral health comparing levels of pH, microbiological counts, and oral health status between test and control groups.

This pilot study consisted of two groups test group containing 14 participants (GI disease) and control group (healthy) containing 3 participants. Two saliva samples were collected per patient. One sample was inoculated onto Mitis Salivarius and Rugose agar plates at 37

C in the CO

incubator for 2 days. The second sample was used for recording pH. Parameters such as decayed, missing, and filled teeth, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical loss of attachment were also recorded. The ealth and GI diseases. Hence, saliva could be used as an easy, non-invasive biomarker to analyze the gastroenteric status of the patient.



.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the applications of teriparatide (TP) for alveolar bone regeneration in oral cavity.

An electronic search of the data was conducted in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The original research associated with the applications of TP for alveolar bone regeneration was evaluated. Cochrane's tool [for human randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] and SYRCLE's tool (for animal RCTs) were used to assess the risk of bias. About two human and four animal studies had low risk of bias.

The results from the 11 studies that were included in the review showed that TP enhanced alveolar bone formation in osteonecrosis of jaws, chronic periodontitis (CP), osseointegration of dental implants as well as orthodontic tooth movement.

The TP may be applied for alveolar bone regeneration in osteonecrosis of jaws and CP. However, further human clinical trials are required to verify its applications and adverse effects in various oral bone conditions.

The TP may be applied for alveolar bone regeneration in osteonecrosis of jaws and CP. However, further human clinical trials are required to verify its applications and adverse effects in various oral bone conditions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the world's healthcare systems. Studies have identified how the COVID-19 infections are linked to several co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal and pulmonary disease. It is known that periodontal disease (PD) shares the same risk factors. Moreover, both diseases are characterized by an exaggerated immune response. The aim of the study was to investigate the available evidence of a potential association between PD and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality.

MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched. Studies that assess the association between PD and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality were eligible for inclusion. Two independent reviewers performed the selection of articles and data extraction. The New Castle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies, and the GRADE system was used to evaluate the level of confidence to support the conclusions.

Only two studies met the eligibility criteria. One study had a low risk of bias, whereas the other had a high risk of bias.

The level of confidence in the available evidence is very low. A close association between periodontitis and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality can neither be supported nor refuted.

The level of confidence in the available evidence is very low. A close association between periodontitis and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality can neither be supported nor refuted.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal diseases (PDs) have shown a bidirectional and vice versa relationship. Hence, this study aimed to identify the extent and magnitude between MetS and PDs in females.

A published literature was explored by considering case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that involved patients with measurements of MetS and PD. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases were used for the search. This study examined the relationship between the MetS and PD among females.

Of the initial 4150 titles screened, a total of 37 reported papers were eligible for quantitative review. A gender-wise analysis of the findings revealed a crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.385 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.043-1.839,



= 94.61%,

< 0.001] for the females relative to the average OR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.39-1.71,



= 90.95%,

< 0.001). Further subgroup analysis for directionality in females revealed the crude ORs of 1.28 (95% CI 0.91-1.79,



= 96.44%,

< 0.001) for the relationship between PD and MetS, whereas an OR of 2.12 (95% CI 0.78-5.73,



= 88.31%,

< 0.001) was found between MetS and PDs.

This study lacks convincing proof of a link between MetS and PDs in females when compared with an overall association between MetS and PDs. Directionality indicated higher odds of linking between MetS and PD than PD and MetS among females. Further longitudinal and treatment trials are needed to confirm the association among females.

This study lacks convincing proof of a link between MetS and PDs in females when compared with an overall association between MetS and PDs. Directionality indicated higher odds of linking between MetS and PD than PD and MetS among females. Further longitudinal and treatment trials are needed to confirm the association among females.

The important cause of chronic gingivitis was proved to be dental plaque, which is a well-organized biofilm. However, self-care efforts or mechanical control of dental plaque by toothbrushing was important; these alone will not be enough to prevent gingivitis.

The aim of the present systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional toothpastes on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis.

Data from original scientific papers published in PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, and Google Scholar were taken for review up to November 2020. Randomized controlled trials and clinical trials compare the effectiveness of herbal and non-herbal toothpastes on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis. Articles published in English language only were included. References from the identified publications were manually searched to identify additional relevant articles. Seven publications fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and were finally selected for systematic review. Outcome measurements for gingivitis were gingival index and dental plaque index.

As all the studies were randomized controlled trials, level of evidence was II. Among all studies, green tea dentifrice toothpastes showed significant reduction when compared with conventional dentifrice, and ayurvedic toothpaste and Carica papaya leaf extract were also effective.

Herbal toothpaste seems to be powerful similar to non-herbal toothpaste; however, it is no longer extra superior to fluoride toothpaste. Further, long-term randomized studies of >6 months are needed to investigate the beneficial effects of intervention alone.

6 months are needed to investigate the beneficial effects of intervention alone.