Foremanbranch1830

BACKGROUND Psychological distress during pregnancy is common up to 20% of the childbearing women experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. Apart from the adverse effects on the woman herself, pregnancy distress can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, infant health, postpartum mother-child interaction and child development. Therefore, the development of interventions that reduce pregnancy distress is very important. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show promising positive effects on pregnancy distress, but there is a need for randomized controlled trials with sufficient power. Trials on online MBIs, which are readily accessible and not expensive, also show positive effects on stress reduction in non-pregnant populations. Moreover, specific working mechanisms of MBIs remain unclear. The aim of the current study is to test the effectiveness of an online MBI in pregnant women with pregnancy distress, as well as exploring potential working mechanisms. METHODS The current study is a randomized controlls for repeated measures (mixed models) will be used to evaluate changes in primary and secondary outcome variables. Tertiary outcomes will be compared between groups using independent t-tests and Chi Square analyses. DISCUSSION The trial is expected to increase knowledge about the effectiveness of online MBIs during pregnancy in women with pregnancy distress and to evaluate potential working mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03917745, registered on 4 March 2019. Protocol Version 3.0., 20 February 2020.BACKGROUND To maximize photosynthetic efficiency, plants have evolved a capacity by which leaf area scales allometrically with leaf mass through interactions with the environment. However, our understanding of genetic control of this allometric relationship remains limited. RESULTS We integrated allometric scaling laws expressed at static and ontogenetic levels into genetic mapping to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that mediate how leaf area scales with leaf mass and how such leaf allometry, under the control of these QTLs, varies as a response to environment change. A major QTL detected by the static model constantly affects the allometric growth of leaf area vs. leaf mass for the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in two different environments. The ontogenetic model identified this QTL plus a few other QTLs that determine developmental trajectories of leaf allometry, whose expression is contingent heavily upon the environment. CONCLUSIONS Our results gain new insight into the genetic mechanisms of how plants program their leaf morphogenesis to adapt to environmental perturbations.BACKGROUND Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. RESULTS The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. CONCLUSIONS Zoysia salt treatment transcriptome shows the 24-h and roots may make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation.Informed by psychological and sociological perspectives, the present study aimed to improve knowledge on the nature of suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide among adult prisoners. Analyzing data from a nationally representative sample of 18,185 prisoners housed in 287 state and 39 federal prisons across the United States highlight (a) key micro-level factors associated with suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide, along with some distinct predictive patterns for suicidal thoughts versus attempted suicide; (b) similarities and differences between male and female prisoners concerning the predictive patterns of suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide; (c) the relationship between macro-level prison characteristics and prisoner suicidality. Discussion points toward a direction for future research on prisoner suicidality, as well as recommendations for managing at-risk prisoners.Previous epidemiological analyses indicate that specific demographic and criminal factors might be associated with suicide attempts during incarceration. However, there is a relative lack of research examining the role of social variables such as perceived social support. Data from 943 male inmates enrolled from three correctional facilities in Spain were collected. Participants completed self-report measures of the demographic, penitentiary and sentence-related, social support and suicide attempts variables. Approximately 1 in 11 inmates indicated that they had attempted suicide during incarceration. Inmates who were 50 years or above and who were serving longer sentences were significantly more likely to attempt suicide. Perceived social support was not associated with suicide attempts. These characteristics might be included in the development of intervention programs for incarcerated individuals.Background Open Dialogue (OD) is a needs-based, service-user initiated approach to mental health service delivery that emphasises dialogue, and shared understanding between service users, and their support network.Aims The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of being part of an OD-informed mental health service in Ireland.Method Data were collected through semi-structured group interviews and analysed using thematic analysis.Results Three primary themes were identified across the data set namely diversity across practice; unpacking the taken-for-granted and mental health as shared experiences. Participants experienced enhanced communication, improved relationships with mental health staff and developed shared understandings of mental health.Conclusions This small-scale implementation demonstrates the received value for service users and their networks of an OD-informed approach within a traditional care pathway. As a relational and collaborative way of working, it requires a shift in clinical practice for mental health staff and service users that is experienced as a welcome change from treatment-as-usual (TAU).Although it is broadly acknowledged that democratic politics should operate through the public competition of binding positions, the careful development of these positions is commonly neglected. Providing ethnographic analysis of the work of staff advisers in parliamentary groups, the paper explores the invisible work invested into these competing positions. We argue that the invisibilization of work serves to accomplish a central tenet of democratic political discourse the demonstration of resonance between constituents and elected politicians. The latter may be assisted by - but must not depend on - non-elected staff. Against this 'sacred' premise of representative democracy, the paper shows that and how political positions are based on invisible work and the work of invisibilizing. Building on laboratory and workplace studies, we specify the shape and function of invisibility by contrasting studies on invisible work in the natural sciences, in case law, and in party politics. In these instances, invisible work serves different discursive objects-in-formation scientific facts, legal cases, and binding positions. Understanding invisible work, thus, leads us to consider different constitutive relevancies. In turn, these serve to specify established concepts in STS, such as 'controversy,' to better distinguish the day-to-day conduct of natural science from that of politics or law.Backgrounds and Aims Klebsiella pneumoniae represents the most common opportunistic pathogen contributing to Klebsiella pneumonia in hospital-acquired infections. Klebsiella pneumonia has a rapidly progressive clinical course and multi-drug resistant (MDR). Identification of the effective biochemical markers is crucial for improving early diagnosis and treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia. The aims of our study are to 1) investigate the expression of β-Defensin-2(rβD2), IL-22, IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 in Klebsiella pneumonia-infected rats and 2) their association with the histological grades of Klebsiella pneumonia.Methods and Materials Fifty specific pathogen free (SPF) male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups control group (treated with normal saline) and pneumonia group (treated with K. pneumoniae). All animals were sacrificed 1 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d post infection. The severity and property of pneumonia was evaluated by histopathologic observation and pathogen identification. The mRNA expression of rβD2, IL-22, IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 was measured by RT-qPCR assay. The expression of rβD2 in rat lung tissue was determined by Western blot analysis, and the level of IL-22 in rat serum was determined by ELISA.Results Histopathologic examination and bacterial counting of lung tissues confirmed the successful establishment of rat pneumonia model. The gene expression of rβD2, IL-22, IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 in pneumonia rats were significantly higher than those in healthy control mice (P  less then  0.05). The expression of rβD2 was correlated with histological grades of Klebsiella pneumonia and the level of IL-22. RT-qPCR results showed that the peak expression of IL-22R1 appeared earlier than IL-10R2 in rat pneumonia model.Conclusions The expression of rβD2 and IL-22 was increased significantly at early stage in rat Klebsiella pneumonia model, suggesting that IL-22 and rβD2 might serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Klebsiella pneumonia.Background The long-term survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is often limited by the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Increased oxidative stress has been found to occur in chronic lung allograft dysfunction because of several risk factors, e.g. check details immunological factors or drug related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor nintedanib on immunologically induced oxidative stress and on drug induced oxidative stress.Methods In-vivo studies were used for investigation of immunologically induced oxidative stress Immunohistochemistry of transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) was used to figure out a potential anti-oxidative effect of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib in a rat model of allogeneic left LTx. In-vitro studies were used for investigation of drug induced oxidative stress Cell viability assay, 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and immunofluorescence of transglutaminase-2 were disposed to examine the potential impact of nintedanib on cyclosporin A (CsA) treated lung fibroblasts of the rat.