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Foreign body aspiration mainly occurs in children, which can cause a severe concurrent syndrome and even death without timely treatment. As a rare foreign body, aspiration of lime is seldom reported, and most cases involve a small amount of hydrated lime. Although the symptoms are usually severe, the prognosis is good after suitable treatment. Experience of treatment for lime aspiration is lacking, and this report provides novel evidence for treatment of mass burnt lime aspiration using bronchoscopy.

We report an adult with a large amount of burnt lime aspiration. Because of delay in clearance of the inhaled lime in the trachea and bronchus at the local hospital, he suffered several severe complications, including complete occlusion of the right primary bronchus, aeropleura, aerodermectasia, pneumomediastinum, secondary infection and hypoxemia at 4 d after injury. After transferring to our department, bronchoscopy was immediately carried out to clear the lime in the major airway, using foreign body forceps, biopsy forceps, puncture needle, and hairbrush. The patient's condition recovered rapidly and at 3-months' follow-up, he demonstrated good recovery of the bronchus and lung parenchyma.

After mass lime aspiration, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is suggested as early as possible, using clamping, flushing or cryotherapy.

After mass lime aspiration, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is suggested as early as possible, using clamping, flushing or cryotherapy.

We report three patients with drug-induced gingiva overgrowth (DIGO) caused by nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, who were treated and followed up for 1-3 years. We discussed their symptoms, treatment process, treatment prognosis, and follow-up results.

All the patients had a history of nifedipine treatment to control hypertension. Besides nifedipine, Patient 1 was prescribed immunosuppressant cyclosporine A to control nephritis, which is also implicated in GO. Thus, we assumed that a synergistic effect between the drugs contributed to the severity of Patient 1's condition. This condition has been reported to be more pronounced in patients with periodontitis. In the course of treatment, Patients 1 and 2 did not stop or change drugs. After initial periodontal treatment, periodontal surgery, and later periodontal support and better plaque control, their gingival hyperplasia was well managed and controlled. Under the guidance of a physician, Patient 3 replaced her calcium-channel blocker drug with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets. She received initial treatment without surgery, obtaining a good curative effect.

Patients' compliance, self-plaque control, and professional periodontal therapy have a vital role in treating and preventing the recurrence of DIGO.

Patients' compliance, self-plaque control, and professional periodontal therapy have a vital role in treating and preventing the recurrence of DIGO.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Lymphatic metastases of this tumor are mostly confined to the regional lymph nodes, and distant supraclavicular lymph node metastases are very rare.

In this report, we describe a patient with sigmoid carcinoma and isolated synchronous supraclavicular lymph node metastases. A 56-year-old male presented with a left cervical mass that was confirmed as a lymph node metastasis from sigmoid cancer by several auxiliary examinations. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy with the 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin + cetuximab regimen, the sigmoid colon tumor and Virchow's lymph node metastasis were significantly smaller than before treatment, and no new metastatic sites were observed. Considering the effects of chemotherapy on quality of life, resection of the primary tumor was performed followed by 4 cycles of chemotherapy with the original chemotherapy regimen. Virchow's lymph node dissection was selected by mutual consultation between the patient and us. After the second surgery, the patient received capecitabine and cetuximab chemotherapy and did not experience recurrence or metastasis during follow-up.

In conclusion, supraclavicular lymph node metastasis without any other solid organ metastasis is a potential metastatic pathway for CRC. In addition, after resection of the primary lesion, postoperative chemotherapy combined with supraclavicular lymph node dissection is feasible for the treatment of patients with CRC and isolated synchronous Virchow's lymph node metastases.

In conclusion, supraclavicular lymph node metastasis without any other solid organ metastasis is a potential metastatic pathway for CRC. In addition, after resection of the primary lesion, postoperative chemotherapy combined with supraclavicular lymph node dissection is feasible for the treatment of patients with CRC and isolated synchronous Virchow's lymph node metastases.

In this case report we describe an extremely rare case of cerebral air embolism following transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Only a few cases of this rare complication were described previously. Every bronchologist should recognize this severe adverse event. Prompt recognition of this complication is mandatory in order to initiate supportive measures and consider hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

In this case report we describe an extremely rare case of cerebral air embolism following TBLB. Only a few cases of this rare complication were described previously. Our patient had an incidental finding of lung tumour and pulmonary emphysema. Cerebral air embolism developed during bronchoscopy procedure, immediately after the third trans-bronchial lung biopsy sample and caused cerebral ischaemia of the right hemisphere and severe left-sided hemiplegia. Despite timely initiation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy hemiplegia didn´t resolve and the patient died several weeks later. Cerebral air embolism is an extremely rare comt gold standard for diagnosis is computed tomography scan of the head. After recognition of this complication we suggest immediate hyperbaric oxygen therapy, if available.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease caused by

and transmitted by infected sand flies. VL has a low incidence in China, and its clinical presentation is complex and atypical. This disease is easily misdiagnosed and can become life-threatening within a short period of time. Therefore, early, rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment of the disease are essential.

A 25-year-old male patient presented with the clinical manifestations of irregular fever, hepatosplenomegaly, increased polyclonal globulin, and pancytopenia. The first bone marrow puncture biopsy did not provide a clear diagnosis. In order to relieve the pressure and discomfort of the organs caused by the enlarged spleen and to confirm the diagnosis, splenectomy was performed, and hemophagocytic syndrome was diagnosed by pathological examination of the spleen biopsy. Following bone marrow and spleen pathological re-diagnosis and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology detection, the patient was finally diagnosed with VL. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, the body temperature quickly returned to normal and the hemocytes recovered gradually. Post-treatment re-examination of the bone marrow puncture and mNGS data showed that

was not detected.

As a fast and accurate detection method, mNGS can diagnose and evaluate the efficacy of treatment in suspicious cases of leishmaniasis.

As a fast and accurate detection method, mNGS can diagnose and evaluate the efficacy of treatment in suspicious cases of leishmaniasis.

Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare condition associated with a high mortality rate. The treatment strategy for MVT is clinically challenging due to its insidious onset and rapid development, especially when accompanied by kidney transplantation.

Here we present a rare case of acute MVT developed 3 years after renal transplantation. A 49-year-old patient was admitted with acute abdominal pain and diagnosed as MVT with intestinal necrosis. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed to remove the infarcted segment of the bowel. Immediate systemic anticoagulation was also initiated. During the treatment, the patient experienced bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and sepsis. However, after aggressive treatment was administered, all thrombi were completely resolved, and the patient recovered with his renal graft function unimpaired.

The present case suggests that accurate diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are important to improve the survival rate of MVT patients. Bleeding with anastomotic fistula needs to be treated with caution because of grafts. Also, previously published cases of mesenteric thrombosis after renal transplantation were reviewed.

The present case suggests that accurate diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are important to improve the survival rate of MVT patients. Bleeding with anastomotic fistula needs to be treated with caution because of grafts. Also, previously published cases of mesenteric thrombosis after renal transplantation were reviewed.

Treatment of synchronous multiple primary malignancies is quite often very challenging. Herein, we report on a rare case of synchronous multiple primary malignancies in the esophagus, stomach, and jejunum.

A 50-year-old man who was a heavy drinker and smoker with a poor diet, and had a family history of cancer sought treatment due to dysphagia lasting for 4 mo. He was finally diagnosed with lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (pT3N2M0, G2, stage IIIB), gastric angular adenocarcinoma (pT3N2M0, G2-G3, stage IIIA) with greater omental lymph node metastasis, and jejunal stromal tumor (high risk). The high-risk jejunal stromal tumor was found during surgery. In spite of radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis occurred 21 mo later. The patient responded poorly to additional chemotherapy and refused further examination and therapy. He died of widespread metastases 33 mo after surgery.

This case indicates a poor prognosis of synchronous multiple advanced primary malignancies and the importance of comprehensive assessment in the population at high risk for cancer.

This case indicates a poor prognosis of synchronous multiple advanced primary malignancies and the importance of comprehensive assessment in the population at high risk for cancer.

Proximal femoral nails (PFNs) are the most common method for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures (IFFs), but postoperative bed rest is required. There is a large amount of blood loss during the operation. Osteoporosis in elderly patients may cause nonunion of fractures and other complications. Arthroplasty can give patients early weight bearing and reduce financial burden, but whether it can replace PFNs remains controversial.

To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroplasty and PFNs in the treatment of unstable IFFs in elderly patients.

A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and included relevant articles comparing arthroplasty and PFN. The search time was limited from January 1, 2005 to November 1, 2020. Two investigators independently screened studies, extracted data and evaluated the quality according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the research results, the fixed effect model or random effect model were selected for analysis.