Foldagercervantes3484

An epicardial connection (EC) between the right-sided pulmonary venous (PV) carina and right atrium (RA) is one of the mechanisms for which carinal ablation is required for right-sided PV isolation. The purpose of the study was to devise a simple pacing maneuver to differentiate an EC from a residual conduction gap on the antral ablation line during radiofrequency catheter ablation.

This study included 133 consecutive patients. After one round of ablation, electrograms at the posterior antrum outside the ablation line were recorded during sinus rhythm (SR) and coronary sinus (CS) pacing, and intervals between the antral and PV potentials were measured in each rhythm. The Δinterval

was calculated as the difference between the interval during SR and that during CS pacing. Presence of an EC was confirmed by observation of a RA posterior wall breakthrough during right-sided PV pacing, which was then targeted for ablation. Patients with nonachievement of first-pass isolation (N = 35) and with PV reconnection during the procedure (N = 9) were classified into the EC-group (N = 20) and gap-group (N=24), respectively. The prevalence of carina breakthrough during SR was higher in the EC-group than the gap-group (18 [95%] vs. 1 [4%] patients, p < .0001). The Δinterval

was larger in the EC-group versus gap-group (71 [interquartile range, 57-97] vs. 6 [2-9] ms, p < .0001). In all patients with an EC, RA ablation resulted in delay (32 [20-40] ms) (N = 15) or elimination of PV potentials (N = 5).

An EC can be efficiently discriminated from a conduction gap by a simple pacing maneuver.

An EC can be efficiently discriminated from a conduction gap by a simple pacing maneuver.A large proportion of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) has an early onset and is post-traumatic. Surgical interventions have low patient satisfaction and relatively poor clinical outcome, whereas joint-preserving treatments, which rely on endogenous multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), result in suboptimal repair. This study investigates MSC presence and potency in OA-affected talocrural osteochondral tissue. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) changes for the loading region trabecular volume and subchondral bone plate (SBP) thickness in OA compared with healthy tissue were investigated using microcomputed tomography. CD271-positive MSC topography was related to bone and cartilage damage in OA tissue, and in vitro MSC potency was compared with control healthy iliac crest (IC) MSCs. A 1.3- to 2.5-fold SBP thickening was found in both OA talus and tibia, whereas BV/TV changes were depth-dependent. MSCs were abundant in OA talus and tibia, with similar colony characteristics. Tibial and talar MSCs were tripotential, but talar MSCs had 10-fold lower adipogenesis and twofold higher chondrogenesis than IC MSCs (P = .01 for both). Cartilage damage in both OA tibia and talus correlated with SBP thickening and CD271+ MSCs was 1.4- to twofold more concentrated near the SBP. This work shows multipotential MSCs are present in OA talocrural subchondral bone, with their topography suggesting ongoing involvement in SBP thickening. Potentially, biomechanical stimulation could augment the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs for joint-preserving treatments.Marxan is the most commonly used decision support tool for informing the design of protected area systems. There is a great deal of risk and uncertainty associated with the outcome of protected area decisions that the original version of Marxan does not consider, including uncertainty about the location and condition of species populations and habitats now and in the future, given threatening processes. The functionality of a modified version of Marxan, Marxan with Probability, is described here. It is able to explicitly consider four types of uncertainty, the 1) Probability that a feature exists in a particular place, estimated with species distribution models or spatially explicit population models; 2) Probability that features in a site are lost in the future due to a threatening process, such as climate change, natural catastrophes or uncontrolled human interventions; 3) Probability that a feature exists in the future due to natural successional processes, such as a fire or flood disturbance; 4) Probability the feature exists but is degraded by threatening processes and cannot contribute towards conservation goals, such as overfished or polluted marine ecosystems. We summarize five studies that illustrate how each type of uncertainty can be used to inform protected area design. This version of Marxan opens up substantial new avenues of systematic conservation planning research and application by agencies for delivering protected area systems on the ground. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Eating pathology is a salient issue in India, with clinical features reported among adults and adolescents. However, there are currently no validated measures of disordered eating in the Indian context. The present study therefore aimed to validate a culturally appropriate English language version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), a widely used measure, among adolescents in India.

We adapted and examined the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the EDE-Q among an urban sample of 1,413 Indian adolescents (mean age = 13 years; 45% girls).

In contrast to the original four-factor model, exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factor solution for girls and boys, which was verified by confirmatory factor analysis; a "Preoccupation and Control" subscale and a "Weight and Shape Concerns" subscale. The total scale comprised 15 items for girls and 18 items for boys. CA-074 methyl ester cell line Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were satisfactory for the girls' and boys' scales (Cronbach's α = .91 for both) and their comprising subscales (αs ≥ .80). Concurrent validity was established through medium-high significant correlations with measures of body image and internalization of appearance ideals. Combining items common to both versions of the scale led to a psychometrically acceptable model which was largely invariant across both genders, thus facilitating gendered comparison.

Findings indicate the reliability and validity of the EDE-Q among English-speaking urban Indian adolescents. This will facilitate further research examining the prevalence and nature of eating pathology among adolescents in India.

Findings indicate the reliability and validity of the EDE-Q among English-speaking urban Indian adolescents. This will facilitate further research examining the prevalence and nature of eating pathology among adolescents in India.