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Nanoparticles able to promote inertial cavitation when exposed to focused ultrasound have recently gained much attention due to their vast range of possible applications in the biomedical field, such as enhancing drug penetration in tumor or supporting ultrasound contrast imaging. Due to their nanometric size, these contrast agents could penetrate through the endothelial cells of the vasculature to target tissues, thus enabling higher imaging resolutions than commercial gas-filled microbubbles. Herein, Zinc Oxide NanoCrystals (ZnO NCs), opportunely functionalized with amino-propyl groups, are developed as novel nanoscale contrast agents that are able, for the first time, to induce a repeatedly and over-time sustained inertial cavitation as well as ultrasound contrast imaging. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is investigated, revealing that re-adsorption of air gas nanobubbles on the nanocrystal surface is the key factor for this re-chargeable cavitation. Moreover, inertial cavitation and significant echographic signals are obtained at physiologically relevant ultrasound conditions (MI  less then  1.9), showing great potential for low side-effects in in-vivo applications of the novel nanoscale agent from diagnostic imaging to gas-generating theranostic nanoplatforms and to drug delivery. High protein milk ingredients, such as micellar casein powder (MCP), exhibit poor solubility upon reconstitution in water, particularly after long-time storage. In this study, ultrasonication (20 kHz, power density of 0.75 W/ml) was used to improve the solubility of aged MCP powders. For all the MCP powders (concentration varying from 0.5 to 5%, and storage of MCP at 50 °C for up to 10 days) it was found that short time ultrasonication (2.5 min) reduced the size of the protein particles from >30 μm to ∼0.1 μm, as measured by light scattering. This resulted in an improvement of solubility (>95%) for all the MCP powders. Cryo-electron microscopy and small x-ray angle scattering showed that the MCP powders dissolved into particles with morphologies and internal structure similar to native casein micelles in bovine milk. SDS-PAGE and RP-HLPC showed that ultrasonication did not affect the molecular weight of the individual casein molecules. Compared to overhead stirring using a 4-blade stirrer, ultrasonication required less than 10 times the drawn electrical energy density to achieve a particle size 10 times smaller. Crown V. All rights reserved.Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is a novel method for food pasteurization, but there is still room for improvement in terms of the process shortening and its use in products with high oil content. This study addressed the effect of high power ultrasound (HPU) on the intensification of the SC-CO2 inactivation of E. coli and B. diminuta in soybean oil-in-water emulsions. Inactivation kinetics were obtained at different pressures (100 and 350 bar), temperatures (35 and 50 °C) and oil contents (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and were satisfactorily described using the Weibull model. The experimental results showed that for SC-CO2 treatments, the higher the pressure or the temperature, the higher the level of inactivation. Ultrasound greatly intensified the inactivation capacity of SC-CO2, shortening the process time by approximately 1 order of magnitude (from 50 to 90 min to 5-10 min depending on the microorganism and process conditions). Pressure and temperature also had a significant (p  less then  0.05) effect on SC-CO2 + HPU inactivation for both bacteria, although the effect was less intense than in the SC-CO2 treatments. E. coli was found to be more resistant than B. diminuta in SC-CO2 treatments, while no differences were found when HPU was applied. HPU decreased the protective effect of oil in the inactivation and similar microbial reductions were obtained regardless of the oil content in the emulsion. Therefore, HPU intensification of SC-CO2 treatments is a promising alternative to the thermal pasteurization of lipid emulsions with heat sensitive compounds. Gliomas, intracranial malignant tumors, are aggressive, asymptomatic and difficult to treat due to their degree of infiltration, alternatives are needed to treat the disease. In this sense, natural compounds from the specialized metabolism of plants can act to control the disease. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, present in broccoli, have a potential to promote tumor cell death, however due to the low stability of these compounds, encapsulation becomes an alternative for their preservation. The objective was to encapsulate the broccoli extract by electrospraying and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in the primary cell culture of astrocytes and gliomas. The capsules were produced and characterized by encapsulation efficiency, functional groups, thermal stability and morphology, the capsule that presented the best parameters was used for the evaluation of cell cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Capsules with equal or less than 50 % extract showed high encapsulation efficiency, high thermal stability and uniform morphology due to non-saturation of the active zein sites, which allowed a complete encapsulation of the added extract, as well as a greater protection of the compounds. The capsule with 50 % of the extract showed good results of the efficiency, morphology and thermal stability and was used to evaluate the antitumor activity, since the addition of extract in proportions greater than 60 % promoted saturation of the active sites and lower encapsulation efficiency, and directly affects the morphology and thermal stability. PCO371 cell line The encapsulated and unencapsulated extracts showed strong selective antitumor effect against glial tumor cells without toxicity to non-tumor cells. Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is recognized to be enzootic in the dog population with a widespread distribution. This pathogen leads to a lethal generalized illness in newborn puppies and is associated with reproductive disorders. CHV-1 should be considered as an important pathogen of neonatal death and infertility; so, it appears to pose a threat for breeding kennels. Although serologic data point to the circulation of CHV-1 among dogs of Iran are available, no definitive diagnosis has been conducted based on the molecular assay. So, this research was done to detect the prevalence of CHV-1 in dogs of Kerman. In this study, the presence of CHV-1 in vaginal specimens and biopsies of the uterus of dogs referring to the Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman was determined. Fifteen uterine samples and seven vaginal samples were included in group of the pregnant dogs. Moreover, thirteen uterine samples and twenty vaginal samples were related to the dogs displaying suspicious clinical signs such as reproductive disorders.