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Vertebrobasilar Share to Cerebral Arterial Technique of Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius).
Social contact styles among staff throughout Three or more U.S. businesses in the course of early phases with the COVID-19 outbreak, 04 to 06 2020.
A mixed linear model was used for comparisons within treatments (p < 0.05).
When administered after a bolus of dexmedetomidine, lidocaine bolus and L-CRI significantly increased heart rate and cardiac index, decreased mean blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance index and oxygen extraction ratio, and did not affect stroke volume index in all treatments.
Lidocaine was an effective treatment for dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia in healthy research dogs.
Lidocaine was an effective treatment for dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia in healthy research dogs.The recent paper by Kobylecki et al. explored the association between impulse control behaviours and pain in Parkinson's disease, under the hypothesis of shared mesolimbic dysfunction. We discuss cognitive and motivational disturbances as potential covariates and suggest the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a therapeutic target for this "pain-predominant" symptom subtype.The jugular nerve (JN) is described as joining the superior cervical ganglion to the vagus nerve. It has been studied extensively in many different animal species; however, there is very limited literature about humans. This review delves into various descriptions of this nerve's anatomy and animal studies aimed at deciphering its function. The goal is to shed more light on this understudied structure in humans.The dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with multilineage potential of differentiation. Different studies investigated dental pulp stones (PS), the calcified masses in the dental pulp, in regard to their prevalence, topography and structure. The etiology of PS is still unclear and, to our knowledge, the DPSCs were not attributed yet specific roles in PS formation. link= learn more We report here an immunohistochemical study of a PS-embedding dental pulp from an impacted third mandibular molar of an adult patient, in which we used antibodies against CD34, Ki67, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nestin. While endothelial cells expressed CD34 and pericytes or vascular smooth muscle cells expressed α-SMA, DPSCs and the osteoblasts coating the PS were exclusively labeled with nestin antibody. Stromal networks of nestin-expressing DPSCs were regarded as in situ providers of osteogenic progenitors involved in PS formation. Further experimental studies, with larger lots of tissue samples, as well as extended panels of markers, are needed in order to elucidate the DPSC hypothesis in the PS etiology.Aseptic osteonecrosis of the humeral head is a multifactorial entity in which the final common pathway results in disrupted blood supply, increased intraosseous pressure, and bone death. It follows a pathologic and radiographic pattern of progression similar to that seen at the hip. Much of the information regarding the disease has been extrapolated from findings in the femoral head. In addition, many treatment modalities have been adapted from techniques used in the hip. The causative underlying factors seem to be multifactorial and can be traumatic or non-traumatic. Although clinical symptoms and the underlying cause of the disease influence the treatment of each patient, staging is the most objective criterion in determining the most appropriate treatment. Earlier identification of osteonecrosis should facilitate the management. MRI is important for asymptomatic humeral head osteonecrosis in patients with poor clinical symptom and risk factor. Conservative treatment can be effective in stages I and II, When symptoms persist and there are signs of collapse despite conservative treatment, surgical intervention is advocated.
Tonsillectomy is the 2nd most common outpatient surgery performed on children in the United States of America. Its main complication is pain, which varies in intensity from moderate to severe. Dipyrone is one of the most widely used painkillers in the postoperative period in children. Its use, however, is controversial in the literature, to the point that it is banned in many countries due to its potential severe adverse effects. learn more Because of this controversy, reviewing the analgesic use of dipyrone in the postoperative period of tonsillectomy in children is essential.
The aim of this study was to review the analgesic use of dipyrone in the postoperative period of tonsillectomy in children.
Systematic review of the literature, involving an evaluation of the quality of articles in the databases MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Virtual Health Library, selected with a preestablished search strategy. Only studies with a randomised clinical trial design evaluating the use of dipyrone in the postoperative period of t one and only postoperatively in another). The analgesic effect of dipyrone, measured by validated pain scales in childhood, was shown to be superior to placebo and similar to paracetamol. It appears that dipyrone exhibits a profile suitable for use in children. However, the scarcity of randomised clinical trials evaluating its analgesic effect in this age group leads to the conclusion that more well-designed studies are still needed to establish the role of dipyrone in the postoperative period of tonsillectomy in children.A 31-year-old woman, with signs of HIV infection (oral thrush, weight loss, asthenia) presented to our hospital with dyspnea and fever. A rapid HIV test yielded a positive result, and cryptococcal capsular antigen was detected in serum. In the mycological study of the clinical respiratory samples, yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus were observed under light microscope in a wet mount; structures compatible with Pneumocystis jirovecii were also observed in Giemsa stain. Treatment for both pathologies was prescribed but, unfortunately, the patient died 7 days after. The finding of two etiologic agents in the same clinical picture is rare but not exceptional, and it always must be considered in immunocompromised hosts.Cystic fibrosis (CF) - although primarily a lung disease - also causes a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations which are important for diagnosis, prognosis and quality of life. All parts of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected by CF. Besides the well-known pancreatic insufficiency, gastroesophageal reflux disease, liver disease and diseases of the large intestine are important pathologies that impact on prognosis and also impair quality of life. Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal manifestations will be discussed in this review. Since optimisation of CF therapy is associated with a significantly longer life-span of CF patients nowadays, also gastrointestinal malignancies, which are more common in CF than in the non-CF population need to be considered. Furthermore, novel evidence on the role of the gut microbiome in CF is emerging. The introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulators gives hope for symptom alleviation and even cure of gastrointestinal manifestations of CF.
Indications for a heart‒liver transplantation (HLT) for Fontan recipients are not well defined. link2 We compared listing characteristics, post-operative complications, and post-transplant outcomes of Fontan recipients who underwent HLT with those of patients who underwent heart-only transplantation (HT). We hypothesized that patients who underwent HLT have increased post-operative complications but superior survival outcomes compared with patients who underwent HT.
We performed a retrospective review of Fontan recipients who underwent HLT or HT at a single institution. Characteristics at the time of listing, including the extent of liver disease determined by laboratory, imaging, and biopsy data, were compared. Post-operative complications were assessed, and the Kaplan‒Meier survival method was used to compare post-transplant survival. learn more Univariate regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for increased mortality and morbidity among patients who underwent HT.
A total of 47 patients (9 forth those of patients undergoing HT. HLT may offer a survival benefit for Fontan recipients with liver disease.
Before the advent of automatism in image-making practices, scientists, anatomists, and physicians artistically depicted simplified images for scientific atlas making. This technique conferred subjectivity to a supposedly objective scientific process, sparking confrontations between anatomists regarding accuracy that heralded a new concept in the late 19
century - mechanical objectivity - that would revolutionize scientific knowledge and the field of medicine OBJECTIVES The purpose of this health history research study is to trace the evolution of mechanical objectivity from empirical studies of early anatomists in the 19
century to the advent of x-ray technology, digitization of imaging, and disruptive technological innovations such as artificial intelligence, while simultaneously unveiling the challenges of mitigating human bias, despite advancements in medical imaging practices.
This narrative literature review was conducted using the Scopus® database under the guidance of both medical historians anhe last century with emphasis on the role played by human bias and subjectivity in a rapidly expanding field of medical imaging technology including artificial intelligence.
Radiographic findings of COVID-19 pneumonia can be used for patient risk stratification; however, radiologist reporting of disease severity is inconsistent on chest radiographs (CXRs). We aimed to see if an artificial intelligence (AI) system could help improve radiologist interrater agreement.
We performed a retrospective multi-radiologist user study to evaluate the impact of an AI system, the PXS score model, on the grading of categorical COVID-19 lung disease severity on 154 chest radiographs into four ordinal grades (normal/minimal, mild, moderate, and severe). Four radiologists (two thoracic and two emergency radiologists) independently interpreted 154 CXRs from 154 unique patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at a large academic center, before and after using the AI system (median washout time interval was 16 days). Three different thoracic radiologists assessed the same 154 CXRs using an updated version of the AI system trained on more imaging data. Radiologist interrater agreement was evaluated using Cohen and Fleiss kappa where appropriate. link2 The lung disease severity categories were associated with clinical outcomes using a previously published outcomes dataset using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test for trend.
Use of the AI system improved radiologist interrater agreement (Fleiss κ = 0.40 to 0.66, before and after use of the system). link3 The Fleiss κ for three radiologists using the updated AI system was 0.74. Severity categories were significantly associated with subsequent intubation or death within 3 days.
An AI system used at the time of CXR study interpretation can improve the interrater agreement of radiologists.
An AI system used at the time of CXR study interpretation can improve the interrater agreement of radiologists.
There are several popular radiology channels on YouTube, reinforcing studies showing interest among medical students and trainees in video education and suggesting the potential use of YouTube for radiology education.
The CTisus YouTube channel, dedicated to radiology education and based in the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science at Johns Hopkins Hospital, has 25,000 subscribers. The benefits of this social media platform for radiology education were analyzed. The most popular videos (n = 484) from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 were categorized into "case clips" (short displays of case images); "Facebook Live" (15-20 minute discussions later posted to YouTube); "lectures" (weekly PowerPoint lectures); and "quizzes" (10-question quiz discussions posted monthly). The number of days videos were available from July 2017 to June 2020 were counted and median views per 30 days were recorded. link3 Lecture content was used to determine which of the following topics were more popular (received the most views) than others Artificial intelligence, chest, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neuro, physics, technique (such as protocols and contrast), technology, and vascular.
