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Bilayer colorimetric films were developed for monitoring fish spoilage by using gelatin (GN) incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles as the upper layer (GN-ZnO), and gellan gum (GG) incorporated with mulberry anthocyanins (MBA) as the lower layer (GG-MBA). The color stability of the bilayer colorimetric films under visible and ultraviolet light was improved with the increase of ZnO nanoparticles content. Meanwhile, the bilayer films had good NH3 sensitivity. The limit of detection of the GG-MBA/GN-2.0% ZnO film to NH3 was 0.01 mM. The electrochemical writing ability of the bilayer films was also identified, indicating the feasibility of inks-free printing on biopolymer films. Finally, the GG-MBA/GN-2.0% ZnO film with an electrochemical writing pattern was used to monitor crucian spoilage. The GG-MBA/GN-2.0% ZnO film with electrochemical writing pattern showed visible color changes with the crucian spoilage. In conclusion, the bilayer colorimetric film was expected to be a good fish spoilage indicator in smart packaging.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent public health threat, and continues to be on the rise. Basic microbiological research is the foundation for addressing knowledge gaps both for the development of new antibiotics, diagnostics and preventives but also to inform strategies to mitigate the transmission of resistance and drug resistant microorganisms. Translating this research into new products to reinvigorate dwindling pipelines, especially for new antibiotics, is one of the main challenges faced in addressing AMR. The scientific complexity is compounded by the market uncertainty of any new products leading to a large proportion of pharmaceutical companies exiting the market. Consequently, a number of initiatives were developed to reinvigorate the AMR research and development (R&D) landscape. Despite all these efforts, the antibiotic pipeline remains inadequate to keep up with the increasing rates of resistance globally. Given the number of individual and multilateral actions, there is an urgent need for a common platform and coordination to ensure that resources are adequately used to address the critical challenges posed by AMR globally hence the founding of the Global AMR R&D Hub to take on this role.

Multiple primary cancers significantly threat patient survivability. Predicting the survivability of patients with two cancers is challenging because its stochastic pattern relates with numerous variables.

In this study, a Bayesian network (BN) model was proposed to describe the occurrence of two primary cancers and predict the five-year survivability of patients using probabilistic evidence. Eleven types of major primary cancers and contingent occurrences of secondary cancers were investigated. A nationwide two-cancer database involving 7,845 patients in Taiwan was investigated. The BN topology is rigorously examined and imbalanced dataset is processed by the synthetic minority oversampling technique. The proposed BN survivability prognosis model was compared with benchmark approaches.

The proposed model significantly outperformed the back-propagation neural network, logistic regression, support vector machine, and naïve Bayes in terms of sensitivity, which is a critical performance index for the non-survival group.

Using the proposed BN model, one can estimate the posterior probabilities for every query provided appropriate prior evidences. The potential survivability information of patients, treatment effects, and socio-demographics factor effects predicted by the proposed model can help in cancer treatment assessment and cancer development monitoring.

Using the proposed BN model, one can estimate the posterior probabilities for every query provided appropriate prior evidences. The potential survivability information of patients, treatment effects, and socio-demographics factor effects predicted by the proposed model can help in cancer treatment assessment and cancer development monitoring.

rumination, defined as repetitive thoughts about emotionally relevant experiences, has been linked extensively with mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD).

However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting the importance of rumination in bipolar disorder (BD)

as well.

we searched for studies that investigated rumination in both BD and MDD in four databases. Our systematic search identified 12 studies with an overall sample size of 2071 clinical patients.

results demonstrated no significant difference in the ruminative tendencies of the two patient groups when all rumination measures were included. We tested for the effect of rumination subtype, BD subgroups, and the current mood state of BD and MDD patients. There were no significant differences in terms of depressive rumination, however, BD patients reported more rumination on positive affect. This difference remained significant when examining in BD-I

and BD-II

patient groups, with similar effect sizes.

due to the lack of sufficient data in the literature, only a few self-report studies qualified to be included in our analysis. Thus additional moderating factors, such as the current mood state of the two patient groups could not be analyzed.

this review demonstrates that rumination is a significant process in both MDD and BD, highlighting the importance of interventions to reduce rumination in mood disorders. NSC 659853 The two patient groups share several commonalities in terms of rumination, however, rumination subtype was found to be an important moderating variable underlining a difference in rumination on positive affect.

this review demonstrates that rumination is a significant process in both MDD and BD, highlighting the importance of interventions to reduce rumination in mood disorders. The two patient groups share several commonalities in terms of rumination, however, rumination subtype was found to be an important moderating variable underlining a difference in rumination on positive affect.

Interpretation bias, which involves interpreting ambiguous social events negatively and catastrophising even mildly negative social events, has been suggested as a key maintenance factor of Social Anxiety Disorder. Although some individual studies and narrative reviews have demonstrated a role for negative interpretation bias in social anxiety (disorder), findings have been mixed. Given the lack of a quantitative synthesis of the evidence, the current systematic review and meta-analysis examined the strength of the relationship between interpretation bias and social anxiety. It also investigated potential moderators of this relationship (i.e., types of measures and stimuli, samples, and study designs).

Five databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL) were searched. Of 46 studies identified, 44 were suitable for meta-analysis (N=3859).

There was a large effect for the relationship between social anxiety and interpretation bias (g=0.83). Types of measures (subjective versus objective) and stimuli (verbal versus visual) were identified as significant moderators, with subjective measures and verbal stimuli particularly adept at capturing interpretation bias in socially anxious individuals.