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e events and serious adverse events were similar in the three groups, except for the percentage of patients with chest pain, which was higher in the continuous-molgramostim group.

In patients with aPAP, daily administration of inhaled molgramostim resulted in greater improvements in pulmonary gas transfer and functional health status than placebo, with similar rates of adverse events. (Funded by Savara Pharmaceuticals; IMPALA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02702180.).

In patients with aPAP, daily administration of inhaled molgramostim resulted in greater improvements in pulmonary gas transfer and functional health status than placebo, with similar rates of adverse events. (Funded by Savara Pharmaceuticals; IMPALA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02702180.).

Patients with bronchiectasis have frequent exacerbations that are thought to be related to neutrophilic inflammation. The activity and quantity of neutrophil serine proteases, including neutrophil elastase, are increased in the sputum of patients with bronchiectasis at baseline and increase further during exacerbations. Brensocatib (INS1007) is an oral reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP-1), an enzyme responsible for the activation of neutrophil serine proteases.

In a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned, in a 111 ratio, patients with bronchiectasis who had had at least two exacerbations in the previous year to receive placebo, 10 mg of brensocatib, or 25 mg of brensocatib once daily for 24 weeks. The time to the first exacerbation (primary end point), the rate of exacerbations (secondary end point), sputum neutrophil elastase activity, and safety were assessed.

Of 256 patients, 87 were assigned to receive placebo, 82 to receive 10 mg of brensspecial interest was higher with the 10-mg and 25-mg brensocatib doses, respectively, than with placebo.

In this 24-week trial, reduction of neutrophil serine protease activity with brensocatib in patients with bronchiectasis was associated with improvements in bronchiectasis clinical outcomes. (Funded by Insmed; WILLOW ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03218917.).

In this 24-week trial, reduction of neutrophil serine protease activity with brensocatib in patients with bronchiectasis was associated with improvements in bronchiectasis clinical outcomes. (Funded by Insmed; WILLOW ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03218917.).The article reveals the formation and work of the Department of Urology during the Grear Patriotic War (1941-1945) based on the memories of its first head, professor A.I. Vasiliev.An overactive bladder (OAB) is a constellation of lower urinary tract symptoms, including urgency, increased frequency of urination during the day and/or night (nocturia), and, in some cases, urge incontinence. This syndrome can be caused by different conditions, and currently no universal pathogenetic treatment has been developed. In addition, there are virtually no Russian-language publications providing information on the neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of the lower urinary tract. At the same time, the importance of this topic can hardly be overestimated. Often, a patient with a neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract has different comorbidities, which requires to deeply understand the mechanisms of development of certain symptoms. Considering an absence of clear data about the peripheral bladder innervation, role of the structures of the central nervous system and importance of neurotransmitters, it is rather difficult to provide high-quality specialized care. However, in recent years, a lot of new facts and theories have been described in basic researches. This lecture is dedicated to the current data on the pathogenesis of OAB. The purpose of the lecture is to summarize the results of fundamental and clinical studies on the pathogenesis of OAB.The causes, some pathogenetic mechanisms and possibilities for correcting the decrease in male reproductive potential in Russia are discussed in the lecture. Particular attention is paid to oxidative stress as one of the main causes for subfertility and male infertility, as well as the role of trace elements (zinc, selenium) and antioxidants (vitamins A, E and C) in the pathogenesis of male infertility and opportunities for the correction of fertility issues. Some aspects of COVID-19 influence on the problems of reproductive medicine, andrology and urology are highlighted.The results of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on complications of various approaches for nephrectomy are presented in the review. Along with open nephrectomy, complications of various minimally-invasive approaches are described, including laparoscopic, retroperitoneoscopic and robot-assisted nephrectomy. Recently, a large number of publications have been dedicated to donor nephrectomy, which is associated with the growing trend for these procedures in many clinics throughout the world using different approaches. The most of studies show that complications are more common for open nephrectomy (up to 30.4%) compared to laparoscopic (5.0-25.8%), retroperitoneoscopic (up to 17.1%) and robot-assisted (0-15%) nephrectomy. YC-1 cell line Unlike open procedure, minimally-invasive approaches have specific complications; however, most of the complications are identical for various methods. Retroperitoneoscopic access is associated with a minimal risk of damage to the abdominal organs.Despite significant advances in andrology, the problem of penile cavernous fibrosis remains not fully understood. Many studies on the epidemiology of erectile dysfunction have been published, but consensus on the place and role of this pathology in the structure of sexual disorders has not yet been reached. The data obtained at different time intervals and in different geographical areas are strikingly different. Also, the role of organic disorders in the penis, including fibroplastic changes, in certain etiological factors has not been determined. In addition, the relationship between etiological factors and morphological changes in penile tissues is disputed due to the small amount of data obtained from the pathohistological study of human penis biopsies. This review is devoted to the systematization of epidemiological data and etiological factors of cavernous fibrosis, the definition of the relationship between them, the analysis of clinical and experimental studies, which study the relationship between the degree of severity of damaging agents and the formation of typical fibrogenic reactions.