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Tau proteins are recognized biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuronal damage in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It has also been suggested that these CSF proteins could increase post-mortem due to neuronal death. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in CSF total and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels in the early post-mortem interval (PMI), to determine whether these proteins could be relevant biomarkers of time since death.

Tau and p-tau levels were measured by ELISA in lumbar and cisternal CSF samples from 82 corpses (46 men, 36 women, mean age 72.4 ± 15.2years) with a PMI < 12h. Forty-eight of them were considered neurologically healthy at the time of death. Rectal and tympanic temperatures were also measured in 37 individuals, and two validated temperature-based methods of PMI estimation were applied (Henssge's nomogram and Baccino's method).

CSF tau and p-tau levels were significantly increased, with respective median values of 3315pg/mL and 68.5pg/mL in the whole cohort, while Se of 83% and a Sp of 100% (AUC = 0.95).

Our findings suggest that CSF tau and p-tau proteins could serve as potential biomarkers of time since death, in association with tympanic temperature. The practical applicability of such an integrated approach has to be assessed by further studies.

Our findings suggest that CSF tau and p-tau proteins could serve as potential biomarkers of time since death, in association with tympanic temperature. The practical applicability of such an integrated approach has to be assessed by further studies.Protein-glutaminase (PG) is a promising protein deaminase. It only hydrolyzes the side chain amido groups of protein-bound to generate ammonia and protein-L-glutamic acid and does not catalyze any other undesirable changes in protein structures. Deamidation of proteins via PG can influence the solubility, emulsification, foaming, and gelation properties of proteins, which are important properties for some food proteins. Therefore, there is great potential for the application of PG in the food industry. PG is derived from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum (C. proteolyticum); however, wild strains are difficult to industrialize because of their low levels of enzyme production. In this article, we studied different strategies for PG expression in B. subtilis. Results showed that PG produced from C. proteolyticum could be successfully secreted in B. subtilis WB800N, and actively secreted in B. subtilis 168(BS168) or DB403 containing a pro-peptide (pro-PG). The secreted PG from B. subtilis WB800N was inactive unless digested by exogenous proteases, such as trypsin, alkaline protease, and neutral protease. However, active PG was secreted by the self-processing of BS168 and DB403. The specific activity of purified PG reached 20.9 U/mg. PG showed maximum activity at pH 5.5, 55 °C and more than 80% of PG activity was retained within a range of pH 3.5-6.5. When Cbz-Gln-Gly was used as the substrate, PG activity was 31.1 ± 0.9 μM min-1 mg-1. Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ stabilized and even activated PG activity. These strategies concerning PG expression in B. subtilis and the enzymatic properties of PG provide efficient alternatives for PG research and contribute to the industrial-scale production of PG.

Liver surgery and transplantation currently represent the only curative treatment options for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. Despite the ability of the liver to regenerate after tissue loss, 25-30% future liver remnant is considered the minimum requirement to prevent serious risk for post-hepatectomy liver failure.

The aim of this review is to depict the various interventions for liver parenchyma augmentation-assisting surgery enabling extended liver resections. Temsirolimus The article summarizes one- and two-stage procedures with a focus on hypertrophy- and corresponding resection rates.

To induce liver parenchymal augmentation prior to hepatectomy, most techniques rely on portal vein occlusion, but more recently inclusion of parenchymal splitting, hepatic vein occlusion, and partial liver transplantation has extended the technical armamentarium. Safely accomplishing major and ultimately total hepatectomy by these techniques requires integration into a meaningful oncological concept. The advent of highly effective chemotherapeutic regimen in the neo-adjuvant, interstage, and adjuvant setting has underlined an aggressive surgical approach in the given setting to convert formerly "palliative" disease into a curative and sometimes in a "chronic" disease.

To induce liver parenchymal augmentation prior to hepatectomy, most techniques rely on portal vein occlusion, but more recently inclusion of parenchymal splitting, hepatic vein occlusion, and partial liver transplantation has extended the technical armamentarium. Safely accomplishing major and ultimately total hepatectomy by these techniques requires integration into a meaningful oncological concept. The advent of highly effective chemotherapeutic regimen in the neo-adjuvant, interstage, and adjuvant setting has underlined an aggressive surgical approach in the given setting to convert formerly "palliative" disease into a curative and sometimes in a "chronic" disease.This analysis from the phase II BRIGHT AML 1003 trial reports the long-term efficacy and safety of glasdegib + low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. The multicenter, open-label study randomized (21) patients to receive glasdegib + LDAC (de novo, n = 38; secondary acute myeloid leukemia, n = 40) or LDAC alone (de novo, n = 18; secondary acute myeloid leukemia, n = 20). At the time of analysis, 90% of patients had died, with the longest follow-up since randomization 36 months. The combination of glasdegib and LDAC conferred superior overall survival (OS) versus LDAC alone; hazard ratio (HR) 0.495; (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.325-0.752); p = 0.0004; median OS was 8.3 versus 4.3 months. Improvement in OS was consistent across cytogenetic risk groups. In a post-hoc subgroup analysis, a survival trend with glasdegib + LDAC was observed in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (HR 0.720; 95% CI 0.395-1.312; p = 0.14; median OS 6.6 vs 4.3 months) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (HR 0.