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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. As a chronic disease, glaucoma presents a significant burden to the individual, health-care provider and the health-care system. Currently, strategies for treating glaucoma are focused on lowering intraocular pressure, which is aimed at slowing or arresting disease progression over time. This is the only current accepted therapeutic strategy for glaucoma, and can be achieved using topical drugs, laser trabeculoplasty, filtration surgery or cyclodestructive techniques. The lowering of intraocular pressure has been well-supported by numerous large-scale seminal clinical trials in primary open-angle glaucoma, in both its early and advanced stages. Although such guidance remains current, in the last 10 years, there has been a significant evolution in preferred first-line therapies in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma with a resultant shift in practice patterns, particularly early in the course of the disease. These changes reflect both from the perspective of the doctor - in titrating the most effective and least risky treatment modality - and the perspective of the patient, in consenting to a treatment that preserves vision and results in minimal negative impact on quality of life. In this review, the most recent evidence regarding treatment modalities for early primary open-angle glaucoma is presented and an updated framework for management guidance is proposed.

Older adults, including racial and ethnic minorities, are underrepresented in research. As the US population ages, the number of older racial and ethnic minority individuals will increase. Including these individuals in research is an important step towards reducing health disparities.

We used data from HealthStreet, a University of Florida community engagement program which uses community health workers to assess the health of the community, to assess willingness to participate in different types of health research by race/ethnicity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to assess willingness to participate among adults aged 50 and older, by race/ethnicity (n = 4694).

Our sample was 42.0% non-Hispanic White, 52.8% non-Hispanic Black, and 5.2% Hispanic. Non-Hispanic White participants reported more past research participation than non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants (28.7% vs. 19.0% and 19.2%, respectively). Compared with non-Hispanic White participants, non-Hispanic Ble Hispanic individuals are less willing to participate in studies that may be seen as invasive or demanding. It is imperative to include diverse older adults in health research. By tailoring research based on preferences we can improve recruitment in underrepresented populations.

The increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has attracted considerable attention; however, the conclusions of studies evaluating this correlation are inconsistent or even controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association of PPI use with the risk of CRC.

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between PPI use and the risk of CRC were estimated with a fixed-effects or random-effects model.

We identified and included 9 observational studies (3 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies) comprising 1,036,438 participants. Overall, there was no statistically significant association between PPI use and the risk of CRC (pooled OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.90-1.73; p = 0.166) when PPI exposure was assessed as a binary variable. However, a weak association between long-term use of PPIs and CRC was demonstrated (pooled OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.31; p < 0.001) when the cumulative duration of PPI exposure was confined to > 5 years.

Although the present meta-analysis suggests a weak association between long-term use (> 5 years) of PPIs and CRC, there is not enough statistical power to refute or confirm an association between the use of PPIs and CRC. More high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to assess this correlation.

5 years) of PPIs and CRC, there is not enough statistical power to refute or confirm an association between the use of PPIs and CRC. More high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to assess this correlation.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Surgical management of thoracolumbar burst fractures is controversial. While the goals of surgical treatment are well accepted (i.e., fracture reduction and stabilization, neural elements decompression, and segmental angular deformity correction), the choice of the best surgical approach (i.e., posterior vs. anterior vs. combined approach) remains controversial. Several studies have debated the advantages of each surgical approach but there is no definitive evidence available to date, particularly in young adult patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether posterior approach alone can be a valid surgical treatment for patient under the age of 40 affected by thoracolumbar burst fractures and incomplete neurological deficits.

A total of 10 consecutive patients affected by thoracolumbar burst fractures associated with incomplete neurological deficits treated at our institution from January 2015 to February 2017 were included in our study. check details All patients were under the age of 40 at the time of injury atable option in terms of clinical, radiological and functional outcomes at 2 years follow-up in patients under the age of 40 presenting with a thoracolumbar burst fracture and neurological deficit.

A single posterior surgical approach is an acceptable option in terms of clinical, radiological and functional outcomes at 2 years follow-up in patients under the age of 40 presenting with a thoracolumbar burst fracture and neurological deficit.

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical symptoms, including affection of sense of smell and taste, among participants in a party held in Copenhagen after which many participants reported symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

A 37-item questionnaire was sent electronically to all 95 participants seven weeks after the party. The questionnaire included questions about the type, timing and duration of COVID-19 symptoms.

In total, 65 of 95 (68%) participants responded, among whom 51/65 (78%) had symptoms compatible with COVID-19; 53% (27/51) had affection of their sense of smell and taste; 70% (19/27) reported a total loss of taste. These symptoms continued for 1-3 weeks for 78% and 3-6 weeks for 22% (6/27). Interestingly, 11/27 (41%) reported that they had not fully regained their sense of taste and 3/27(11%) were still very affected by this symptom. Moreover, 44% of the respondents who had lost their sense of taste perceived this symptom as moderate to severe. Eighty-one percent (22/27) reported a total loss of smell.