Faulknersaunders5629

Conclusion Several risk and beneficial factors for reduced kidney function in adults aged 65 and above in the United States were identified, but some of them might be sex-specific. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings in other populations and countries.Objectives We explored the association of underlying health conditions (UHC) with depression and anxiety, and examined the modification effects of suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S), health-related behaviors (HB), and preventive behaviors (PB). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 8,291 outpatients aged 18-85 years, in 18 hospitals and health centers across Vietnam from 14th February to May 31, 2020. We collected the data regarding participant's characteristics, UHC, HB, PB, depression, and anxiety. Results People with UHC had higher odds of depression (OR = 2.11; p less then 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 2.86; p less then 0.001) than those without UHC. Selleck ML355 The odds of depression and anxiety were significantly higher for those with UHC and S-COVID-19-S (p less then 0.001); and were significantly lower for those had UHC and interacted with "unchanged/more" physical activity (p less then 0.001), or "unchanged/more" drinking (p less then 0.001 for only anxiety), or "unchanged/healthier" eating (p less then 0.001), and high PB score (p less then 0.001), as compared to those without UHC and without S-COVID-19-S, "never/stopped/less" physical activity, drinking, "less healthy" eating, and low PB score, respectively. Conclusion S-COVID-19-S worsen psychological health in patients with UHC. Physical activity, drinking, healthier eating, and high PB score were protective factors.Objectives Newborn screening in the United States and Europe allows early identification of congenital disorders but does not yet exist in most low-resource settings, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Newborn screening can identify multiple inherited hematological disorders, but feasibility and effectiveness for Africa are not fully determined. Methods Surplus dried blood spot collected in Central Malawi through the HIV Early Infant Diagnosis surveillance program were repurposed and tested by isoelectric focusing for sickle cell disease and trait. Additional genetic testing identified G6PD deficiency and alpha thalassemia. Results Testing of 10,529 cards revealed an overall sickle cell trait prevalence of 7.0% (range 3.9-9.7% by district); 10 of 14 infants identified with sickle cell disease (prevalence 0.1%) were located and received care at a specialized clinic. Subsequent testing of 1,329 randomly selected cards identified alpha thalassemia trait in 45.7% of samples, and G6PD deficiency in 20.4% of males and 3.4% of females, with 29.0% of females as heterozygous carriers. Conclusion Inherited hematological disorders are common in Central Malawi; early identification through newborn screening can improve clinical outcomes and should be supported throughout Africa.Objectives This study validated a person-centred maternity care (PCMC) scale and assessed perception of PCMC and its associated factors among post-partum women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 post-partum women in two districts in Enugu State, Nigeria, using a 30-item PCMC scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, descriptive, bivariate and Generalized Linear Models analyses were conducted. Results Twenty-two items were retained in the PCMC scale with high internal reliability and goodness-of-fit indices. About 25% of women received high PCMC. Marrying at 20-29 years (β = 3.46, ρ = 0.017) and 30-49 years (β = -5.56, ρ = 0.020); self-employment (β = -7.50, ρ = 0.005); marrying government worker (β = 7.12, ρ = 0.020); starting antenatal care in the third trimester (β = -6.78, ρ = 0.003); high participation in decision-making (β = -10.41, ρ less then 0.001); domestic violence experience (β = 3.60, ρ = 0.007); delivery at health centre (β = 18.10, ρ less then 0.001), private/mission hospital (β = 4.01, ρ = 0.003), by non-skilled attendant (β = -16.55, ρ less then 0.001) and community health worker (β = -10.30, ρ less then 0.001); and pregnancy complication (β = 4.37, ρ = 0.043) influenced PCMC. Conclusion The PCMC scale is valid and reliable in Nigeria. PCMC requires improvement in Enugu State. This study identified factors that may be considered for inclusion in intervention strategies.Objectives Loneliness has been associated with unhealthy behavior, poorer health, and increased morbidity. However, the costs of loneliness are poorly understood. Methods Multiple sources were combined into a dataset containing a nationally representative sample (n = 341,376) of Dutch adults (18+). The association between loneliness and total, general practitioner (GP), specialized, pharmaceutical, and mental healthcare expenditure was tested using Poisson and Zero-inflated negative binomial models, controlling for numerous potential confounders (i.e., demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle-related factors, self-perceived health, and psychological distress), for four age groups. Results Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle-related factors, loneliness was indirectly (via poorer health) associated with higher expenditure in all categories. In fully adjusted models, it showed a direct association with higher expenditure for GP and mental healthcare (0.5 and 11.1%, respectively). The association with mental healthcare expenditure was stronger in younger than in older adults (for ages 19-40, the contribution of loneliness represented 61.8% of the overall association). Conclusion Loneliness contributes to health expenditure both directly and indirectly, particularly in younger age groups. This implies a strong financial imperative to address this issue.Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the major viral diseases still causing great economic losses among breeding flocks of Egypt. This study was designed to focus light on non-cutaneous lesions (prevalence, intensity, and impacts) among necropsied LSD infected cattle. We selected some dairy and beef flocks (Frisian breed) located in 3 governorates (Sharkia, Dakahlia, and Kaloubia) in Nile delta, Egypt, in the period from January 2019 to January 2020 for our survey study. The case history of farms declared no previous vaccination of examined farms. The clinical signs, morbidity, and mortality rates were recorded. Average morbidity and mortality percentage were 22.28% and 6.59%, respectively. PCR for specimens from liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, testis, udder, trachea, and lymph node indicates presence of amplicon capripoxvirus gene product at molecular weight size 192 bp. Postmortem lesions of necropsied and emergency slaughtered were recorded. The main detectable histopathology lesions among the infected animals were orchitis (75%), mastitis in immature and lactating udder (66.66%), and necrotic hepatitis (77.77%), disseminated vasculitis (61.11), glomerulonephritis (55.55), myocardial degeneration (50%), and serous atrophy of coronary fats (38.88%), lymphadenitis (88.88%), necrosis and depleted lymphoid tissue of spleen (38.88%), necrotic myositis (77.77%), tracheitis (16.66%), and pneumonia (interstitial bronchopneumonia) (44.44%) besides intra-cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in skin (33.33%). It could be concluded that higher mortalities of LSD may be due to systemic infection of infected animals which had great impact on economic losses among breeding flocks.Developing and healing tissues begin as a cellular condensation. Spatiotemporal changes in tissue geometry, transformations in the spatial distribution of the cells and extracellular matrix, are essential for its evolution into a functional tissue. 4D materials, 3D materials capable of geometric changes, may have the potential to recreate the aforementioned biological phenomenon. However, most reported 4D materials are non-degradable and/or not biocompatible, which limits their application in regenerative medicine, and to date there are no systems controlling the geometry of high density cellular condensations and differentiation. Here, we describe 4D high cell density tissues based on shape-changing hydrogels. By sequential photocrosslinking of oxidized and methacrylated alginate (OMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), bi-layered hydrogels presenting controllable geometric changes without any external stimuli were fabricated. Fibroblasts and human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were incorporated at concentrations up to 1.0 × 108 cells/mL to the 4D constructs, and controllable shape changes were achieved in concert with ASCs differentiated down chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Bioprinting of the high density cell-laden OMA and GelMA permitted the formation of more complex constructs with defined 4D geometric changes, which may further expand the promise of this approach in regenerative medicine applications.Like ready-to-wear clothing, medical devices come in a fixed set of sizes. While this may accommodate a large fraction of the patient population, others must either experience suboptimal results due to poor sizing or must do without the device. Although techniques have been proposed to fabricate patient-specific devices in advance of a procedure, this process is expensive and time consuming. An alternative solution that provides every patient with a tailored fit is to create devices that can be customized to the patient's anatomy as they are delivered. This paper reports an in vivo molding process in which a soft flexible photocurable stent is delivered into the trachea or bronchi over a UV-transparent balloon. The balloon is expanded such that the stent conforms to the varying cross-sectional shape of the airways. UV light is then delivered through the balloon curing the stent into its expanded conformal shape. The potential of this method is demonstrated using phantom, ex vivo and in vivo experiments. This approach can produce stents providing equivalent airway support to those made from standard materials while providing a customized fit.Neuromodulation is becoming one of the clinical tools for treating chronic neuropathic pain by transmitting controlled physical energy to the pre-identified neural targets in the central nervous system. Its nature of drug-free, non-addictive and improved targeting have attracted increasing attention among neuroscience research and clinical practices. This article provides a brief overview of the neuropathic pain and pharmacological routines for treatment, summarizes both the invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation modalities for pain management, and highlights an emerging brain stimulation technology, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) with a focus on ultrasound transducer devices and the achieved neuromodulation effects and applications on pain management. Practical considerations of spatial guidance for tFUS are discussed for clinical applications. The safety of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation and its future prospectives on pain management are also discussed.Among aromatic compounds, borazarenes represent a significant class of isosteres in which carbon-carbon bonds have been replaced by B-N bonds. Described herein is a summary of the selective reactions that have been developed for known systems, as well as a summary of computationally-based predictions of selectivities that might be anticipated in reactions of yet unrealized substructures.