Farleycook3884

Sinomenine (SN) has been used in the clinical treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis for many years. Studies showed that SN held protective effects such as anti-inflammation, scavenging free radicals and suppressing immune response in many autoimmune diseases. The purpose of the present study is to explore the mechanism of anti-inflammation of SN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages activation and investigate whether the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway participated in. Macrophages isolated from mouse peritoneal cavity were stimulated by 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 h. And then the cells were treated with various concentrations of SN, TLR4 inhibitor respectively for additional 48 h. Drug toxicity was detected by MTT assay and Transwell experiment was used to assess chemotaxis. Furthermore, TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to examine TLR4, MyD88 and phosphorylated IκB protein expression in macrophages. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe p65 NF-κB protein expression in macrophage nucleus. We extracted macrophages with high purity and activity from the abdominal cavity of mice. SN remarkably inhibited the chemotaxis and secretion function of LPS-stimulated macrophages. It also down-regulated both the protein levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and the RNA and protein levels of the key factors (TLR4, MyD88, P-IκB) in TLR4 pathway. The expression of p65 NF-κB protein in nuclei was down-regulated, which was correlated with a similar decrease in P-IκB protein level. In conclusion, SN can inhibit the LPS induced immune responses in macrophages by blocking the activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results may provide a therapeutic approach to regulate inflammatory responses.Albiziae Flos (AF) has been experimentally proven to have an antidepressant effect. However, due to the complexity of botanical ingredients, the exact pharmacological mechanism of action of AF in depression has not been completely deciphered. This study used the network pharmacology method to construct a component-target-pathway network to explore the active components and potential mechanisms of action of AF. The methods included collection and screening of chemical components, prediction of depression-associated targets of the active components, gene enrichment, and network construction and analysis. Quercetin and 4 other active components were found to exert antidepressant effects mainly via monoaminergic neurotransmitters and cAMP signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. selleck kinase inhibitor DRD2, HTR1A, and SLC6A4 were identified as important targets of the studied bioactive components of AF. This network pharmacology analysis provides guidance for further study of the antidepressant mechanism of AF.This study was conducted to compare the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of the combined-laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization (C-LSED) with open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization surgery (OSED) in patients with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis. From February 2014 to June 2018, 68 patients with portal hypertension were diagnosed as having serious gastroesophageal varices and/or hypersplenism in our center. Thirty patients underwent C-LSED and 38 patients received OSED. Results and outcomes were compared retrospectively. No patients of C-LSED group required an intraoperative conversion to open surgery. Significantly shorter operating time, less blood loss, lower transfusion rates, shorter postoperative hospital stay, lower rates of complications were found in C-LSED group than in C-LSED group (P less then 0.05). No death and rebleeding were documented in both groups during the follow-up periods of one year. Postoperative endoscopy revealed that varices in the patients of both groups were alleviated significantly from severe to mild, and in a part of cases, the varices disappeared. The final results suggest that the C-LSED technique is superior to open procedure, due to slightly invasive, simplified operative procedure, significantly shorter operating time, less intraoperative bleeding and lower post-operative complication rates. And C-LSED offers comparable long-term effects to open surgery.We investigated whether an ordinary centrifuge can achieve the standard centrifugal effect required according to specifications for infectious disease screening using the Abbott i2000. Samples were collected and centrifuged following a standard operating procedure (SOP). They were then divided into three groups according to the results of the initial screening tests a negative group, weak-positive group, and positive group. Twenty negative samples and all weak-positive and positive samples were re-analyzed. Two tubes for each re-analyzed sample were centrifuged simultaneously, one for 10 min at 10 000 × g, per recommendations, and one for 10 min at 2750 × g. No significant difference was found between the groups using different centrifugal forces. There was a strong correlation in the quantitative values between the two conditions of centrifugation. Consistency analysis showed a Cronbach's alpha > 0.8 for detection of Treponema pallidum, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B surface antigen in the three groups (negative group, weak-positive group, and positive group) under different centrifugation conditions. Strong consistency was found under different centrifugal conditions, regardless of the initial testing results. In conclusion, we conducted centrifugation steps in duplicate, according to infectious disease screening protocols. Our study showed that all samples should be centrifuged using a recommended relative centrifugal force after a proper clotting time, as in the standard operating procedure of our laboratory. In this way, we were able to obtain the same results using an ordinary centrifuge as those obtained using a high-speed centrifuge, such as the Abbott i2000.In order to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) in intensive care unit (ICU), the clinical data of 612 cIAIs patients from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected. Clinical characteristics, distribution of pathogens and drug resistance were statistically analyzed. It was found that patients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (CA-IAIs) made up a majority of cIAIs patients. The positive rate of abdominal drainage fluid culture was 55.56%. Gramnegative bacteria accounted for the majority, the most commonly isolated bacteria of which were Escherichia coli (20.96%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.57%). The most commonly isolated gram-positive bacteria were Enterococcus (16.88%) and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 3.90%). Enterobacter isolates showed high resistance rate to most cephalosporins and low resistance rate to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems.