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026, HR (95% CI) 1.629 (1.094-2.452)] and DSS [P = 0.010, HR (95% CI) 2.209 (1.217-4.010)]. DPRI showed comparable predictive accuracy with cell cycle proliferation (CCP) score and ccA/ccB signature. Copy number alterations and tumor mutation burden were enriched in DRPI-high tumors. There were elevated number of Treg cells and higher T cell exhaustion marker expression in DRPI-high-risk tumors. The combined DNA repair-clinical score outperformed other risk models in terms of C-index. Conclusion We validated the proposed DRPI as a predictor of clinical outcome in localized ccRCC patients. It provides an individualized and more accurate risk assessment beyond clinicopathological characteristics.Background The United States Census Bureau recommends distinguishing between "Asians" vs. "Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders" (NHOPI). We tested for prognostic differences according to this stratification in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) of all stages. Methods Descriptive statistics, time-trend analyses, Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox regression models were used to test for differences at diagnosis, as well as for cancer specific mortality (CSM) according to the Census Bureau's definition in either non-metastatic or metastatic patients vs. 14 propensity score (PS)-matched Caucasian controls, identified within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004-2016). Results Of all 380,705 PCa patients, NHOPI accounted for 1877 (0.5%) vs. 23,343 (6.1%) remaining Asians vs. 93.4% Caucasians. NHOPI invariably harbored worse PCa characteristics at diagnosis. The rates of PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml, Gleason ≥ 8, T3/T4, N1- and M1 stages were highest for NHOPI, followed by Asians, followed by Caucasians (PSA ≥ 20 18.4 vs. 14.8 vs. 10.2%, Gleason ≥ 8 24.9 vs. 22.1, vs. 15.9%, T3/T4 5.5 vs. 4.2 vs. 3.5%, N1 4.4 vs. 2.8, vs. 2.7%, M1 8.3 vs. 4.9 vs. 3.9%). Despite the worst PCa characteristics at diagnosis, NHOPI did not exhibit worse CSM than Caucasians. Moreover, despite worse PCa characteristics, Asians exhibited more favorable CSM than Caucasians in comparisons that focussed on non-metastatic and on metastatic patients. Conclusions Our observations corroborate the validity of the distinction between NHOPI and Asian patients according to the Census Bureau's recommendation, since these two groups show differences in PSA, grade and stage characteristics at diagnosis in addition to exhibiting differences in CSM even after PS matching and multivariate adjustment.Objective In the present prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), enhanced-SMP (eSMP) and conventional Chinese mini-PCNL (mPCNL) were compared to test the low renal pelvic pressure (RPP) and high stone removal efficiency in eSMP. Materials and methods Hundred patients with 2-5 cm renal calculus were enrolled. Renal pelvic pressure, operation time, lithotripsy time, removed stone volume, and complications were compared between eSMP and mPCNL statistically. Results There was no significant difference in removed stone volume between mPCNL and eSMP (8.09 ± 3.36 vs. 7.88 ± 3.07 mm3, t = 0.320, p = 0.750), lithotripsy time in mPCNL was longer than eSMP (49.6 ± 19.5 vs. 34.9 ± 14.2 min, t = 4.152, p 30 mmHg) in mPCNL was longer than eSMP (23.3 ± 16.9 vs. 3.7 ± 4.2 s, t = 7.710, p less then 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative fever rate between mPCNL and eSMP (12.77% vs. 4.34%, χ2 = 2.095, p = 0.148), nor final stone-free rate (87.2% vs. 91.3%, χ2 = 0.401, p = 0.526). Hospital stay in eSMP was shorter than mPCNL (2.54 ± 0.72 vs. 3.00 ± 0.88, t = 2.724, p = 0.008). Conclusion Enhanced SMP (eSMP) was safe and effective in the management of 2-5 cm renal calculus. It can keep a lower renal pelvic pressure and a higher stone removal efficiency when compared to conventional Chinese mini-PCNL. Clinical trial registration NC03206515.To review the efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids combined with different regimens for treating severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Eighty-five severe ITP patients from 2 tertiary hospitals treated with glucocorticoids were enrolled from January 2018 to May 2019 and divided into 4 treatment groups group A (treated with glucocorticoids), group B (glucocorticoids plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)), group C (glucocorticoids plus recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO)), and group D (glucocorticoids plus IVIg and rhTPO). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0 software. Early responses and response maintenance were assessed at 14 days and 1 month after treatment. UNC1999 Groups B, C and D had higher complete response (CR) and overall response (OR) rates than group A (P 0.05). Severe ITP patients who received glucocorticoids with IVIg and rhTPO had higher CRs and ORs at the platelet level, and no significant adverse reactions were observed. Glucocorticoids combined with different regimens had different clinical efficacies for treating severe ITP.Objective of the current study was to assess whether game-formatted executive function (EF) training, is effective in improving attention, EF and academic performance in very preterm and/or extremely low birthweight children aged 8-12 years. A multi-center, double-blind, placebo- and waitlist controlled randomized trial (NTR5365) in two academic hospitals in The Netherlands was performed. Eighty-five very preterm children with parent-rated attention problems on the Child Behavior Checklist were randomized to one of three treatment conditions EF training, placebo training or waitlist condition. EF or placebo training was completed at home (6 weeks, 25 sessions of 30-45 min each). At baseline, 2 weeks after training or being on the waitlist, and five months after first follow-up visit, children underwent assessments of primary outcomes (parent and teacher ratings of attention) and secondary outcomes (parent and teacher ratings of daily-life EF, computerized EF tasks and academic performance). Linear mixed model analyses were performed for all outcome measures. There were no significant differences in improvement over time on parent- and teacher ratings of attention, parent- and teacher ratings of daily-life EF, computerized EF tasks, and academic performance (arithmetic and reading) between the EF training, placebo training and waitlist condition. In conclusion, game-formatted EF training does not improve attention, EF or academic performance in very preterm children with parent-rated attention problems.

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