Farahmacdonald9691
A variety of simulation methods has been used in the cultural competence education and produced several learning outcomes, including an improved understanding of cross-cultural communication and encouragement to discuss various culturally bound health issues. Further research is needed to find an effective combination of teaching methods using innovative ways to foster learning cultural competence.The involvement of the nucleus during flavivirus infection has been observed in only a small number of cases and can be limited to primarily two viral proteins; the structural protein C and the RNA polymerase NS5. Previously we observed that by blocking nuclear transport, WNV strain Kunjin (WNVKUN) replication is severely affected and through mutation of the identified NLS in WNVKUN NS5 protein. In this study, we interrogated the potential nuclear functions of WNVKUN NS5 has on the host transcriptome, by means of RNA sequencing (RNAseq). In a direct comparison between wild type and mutant NS5, it can also be determined that the nuclear translocation of NS5 results in a significant down-regulation of host genes involved in the innate immune response. When compared to published RNAseq data from WNV infection, many of these genes were overlapping indicting the role of NS5 induced transcription during infection.Zoo conservation-education programs have potential to address biodiversity loss, although evidence of their effectiveness to encourage social change is in its infancy. Moreover, how a program is implemented may influence program efficacy, yet there is little evidence of the factors that shape this process in zoos. Accordingly, through a process evaluation of Zoos Victoria's 'When Balloons Fly" (WBF) conservation-education program against marine debris, we identified barriers and enablers to the implementation of the program which can be addressed to improve future initiatives. Between April-May 2018, 24 Zoos Victoria professionals completed an online survey focussed on identifying challenges and successes in implementing WBF. Four participants additionally completed a follow-up telephone interview. Themes were identified and organised according to the model of diffusion in service organisations (Greenhalgh, Robert, Macfarlane, Bate, & Kyriakidou, 2004). Our results illuminate that features of the organisation (e.g., structure, culture) rather than features of individuals (e.g., skills, motivation) or characteristics of the conservation-education program itself (e.g., messaging), were most influential to implementation success. Based on these findings, attention to the organisational context is critical for promoting and evaluating the success of conservation-education programs and must be given significant attention alongside program characteristics and staff capability to deliver them.Rising rates of NCDs threaten fragile healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries. Fortunately, new digital technology provides tools to more effectively address the growing dual burden of disease. Two-thirds of the world's population subscribed to mobile services by the end of 2018, while the falling price of connectivity and the 5G networks rollout promise to accelerate the use of digital technology. Properly leveraged, we can employ digital solutions and applications to transform health systems from reactive to proactive and even preventive, helping people stay healthy. With artificial intelligence (AI), health systems can be made more predictive by detecting risk factors and helping health professionals respond faster to prevent disease. Yet this rapid pace of growth has also complicated the digital health landscape. Myriad digital health apps compete and overlap in the public and private sectors, and significant gaps in the collection and analysis of digital data threaten to leave some behind.alth systems formulate and execute a national digital health strategy; create policy and regulatory frameworks that support innovation while protecting security and privacy; ensure access to digital infrastructure; ensure interoperability of digital health system components; establish effective partnerships; and sustain adequate financing.
This study compares seven machine learning models developed to predict childhood obesity from age > 2 to ≤ 7 years using Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) data up to age 2 years.
EHR data from of 860,510 patients with 11,194,579 healthcare encounters were obtained from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. After applying stringent quality control to remove implausible growth values and including only individuals with all recommended wellness visits by age 7 years, 27,203 (50.78 % male) patients remained for model development. Seven machine learning models were developed to predict obesity incidence as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (age/sex adjusted BMI>95th percentile). Model performance was evaluated by multiple standard classifier metrics and the differences among seven models were compared using the Cochran's Q test and post-hoc pairwise testing.
XGBoost yielded 0.81 (0.001) AUC, which outperformed all other models. It also achieved statistically significant betted studies and may be valuable for developing other clinical prediction models.
Some case series have suggested that psychotic features could occur even before the onset of motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Our aim was to investigate a possible association between psychotic symptoms and prodromal Parkinson's disease in a population-based cohort, the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet study.
This cross-sectional study included participants aged ≥65 years without dementia or PD. We defined psychotic symptoms as the presence of at least one new hallucinatory or delusional feature, assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory scale and the Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology in Alzheimer's Disease, exhibited only at follow-up and not present at baseline visit. We calculated the probability of prodromal PD (pPD) for every participant, according to the 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society research criteria for prodromal PD.
Participants who developed psychotic manifestations over a three-year follow up (20 of 914) had 1.3 times higher probability of pPD score (β [95%CI] 1.3 [0.9-1.5], p=0.006) compared to non-psychotic subjects. This association was driven mostly by depressive symptoms, constipation and subthreshold parkinsonism (p<0.05).
Our data indicate that emerging psychotic features evolve in parallel with the probability of pPD. This is the first study that provides evidence for the presence of psychotic experiences in pPD. The association detected needs to be confirmed in longitudinal studies.
Our data indicate that emerging psychotic features evolve in parallel with the probability of pPD. This is the first study that provides evidence for the presence of psychotic experiences in pPD. The association detected needs to be confirmed in longitudinal studies.The impact of climate change on social conflict and violence is of increasing concern. The significant risk that climate change poses for human conflict has driven scholars to investigate the processes underlying the relationship. learn more Although climate change may not directly cause conflict, heat waves and extreme weather events could amplify interpersonal violence, and climate change consequences (i.e. economic deprivation and migration) could also intensify intergroup conflict. However, psychological research is weakly integrated with this literature, and interdisciplinary efforts are needed to uncover the underpinnings of the relationship between climate change and conflict. In particular, psychological research on intergroup threat, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and culture can provide valuable insights into understanding and responding to climate-induced conflict.The rising interest for precise characterization of the tumour immune contexture has recently brought forward the high potential of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in identifying molecular mechanisms engaged in the response to immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the major principles of single-cell and conventional (bulk) RNA-seq applied to onco-immunology. We describe standard preprocessing and statistical analyses of data obtained from such techniques and highlight some computational challenges relative to the sequencing of individual cells. We notably provide examples of gene expression analyses such as differential expression analysis, dimensionality reduction, clustering and enrichment analysis. Additionally, we used public data sets to exemplify how deconvolution algorithms can identify and quantify multiple immune subpopulations from either bulk or single-cell RNA-seq. We give examples of machine and deep learning models used to predict patient outcomes and treatment effect from high-dimensional data. Finally, we balance the strengths and weaknesses of single-cell and bulk RNA-seq regarding their applications in the clinic.
In subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), impairments in motor and cognitive functions may occur and continue in later periods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can directly or indirectly affect synaptic reconstruction. mir-132, mir-134, and mir-138 are the leading miRNAs that can be effective on some neurological functions through its effects on synaptic plasticity in the relevant brain areas. In our study, it was aimed to determine the levels of miRNAs in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of rats exposed to different environmental conditions after the experimental SAH.
SAH was created using the cisterna magna double blood-injection method. Brain tissues were collected at different times after the last blood injection. Rats were grouped according to the different environmental conditions in which they were kept. Expression levels of miRNAs were performed by qPCR and ultrastructural changes in samples were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
After SAH, miR-132, miR-134, and miR-138 expressions in the frontal lobes of rats increased in impoverished environment on the 7th day and in the enriched environment on the 14th day. It was observed that the myelin and microtubule structures in the axons that were disrupted after SAH were more organized and stable in the enriched environment.
After SAH, different environmental conditions may affect the miRNA levels associated with synaptic plasticity and microtubule organization in the frontal lobe, and this might have some effects especially on cognitive and motor functions related to this brain area.
After SAH, different environmental conditions may affect the miRNA levels associated with synaptic plasticity and microtubule organization in the frontal lobe, and this might have some effects especially on cognitive and motor functions related to this brain area.The concept of Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) has evolved with the advent of medical oncology. CUP can be difficult to diagnose and represents 2 to 5% of new cancers, therefore not exceptionally rare. Within CUPs can be identified a subset of favourable prognosis tumours, however the vast majority of CUP patients belongs to a poor prognosis group. CUP features significant oncological challenges, such as unravelling biological and transversal issues, and most importantly, improving patient's outcomes. In that regard, CUP patients' outcomes regrettably showed minimal improvement for decades and CUP remains a cancer group of very poor prognosis. The biology of CUP has two main hypotheses. One is that CUP is a subgroup of a given primary cancer, where the primary is present but cannot be seen due to its small size. The other, the "true" CUP hypothesis, states that CUP share features that make them a specific entity, whatever their tissue of origin. A true biological signature has not yet been described, but chromosomal instability is a hallmark of poor prognosis CUP group.
