Fabriciusmoser3481

V.BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the association between PM2.5 exposure and fasting plasma glucose levels (FPGLs) are mostly limited to short- and mid-term PM2.5 exposure and lack adjustments for key confounders in adult research. OBJECTIVES Exploring the relationship between seven years long-term PM2.5 exposure and FPGLs in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. METHODS Between September 2013 and December 2013, 16,489 participants aged 6-17 years were recruited using a four-staged, stratified, cluster sampling strategy from 7 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of mainland China. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to estimate the relationship between annual PM2.5 exposure (2007-2013) and FPGLs stratified by sex and one-year age increments. Sociodemographic characteristics, living with both parents, early-life factors, behaviours, and infection symptoms were gradually adjusted from the crude model to regression model 6, and BMI was adjusted for in model 7. RESULTndependent risk factor of elevated FPGLs. selleck kinase inhibitor The adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure on FPGLs in children and adolescents could appear after 10 years of cumulative exposure. The precise intervention time was revealed as approximately 12 and 11 years in boys and girls, respectively. There are great public health implications associated with early prevention strategies for the eradication of the negative effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on FPGLs. V.Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous metal in the ocean that undergoes in situ chemical transformations in seawater and marine sediment. Most relevant to public health is the production of monomethyl-Hg, a neurotoxin to humans that accumulates in marine fish and mammals. Here we synthesize 30 years of Hg measurements in the ocean to discuss sources, sinks, and internal cycling of this toxic metal. Global-scale oceanographic survey programs (i.e. CLIVAR and GEOTRACES), refined protocols for clean sampling, and analytical advancements have produced over 200 high-resolution, full-depth profiles of total Hg, methylated Hg, and gaseous elemental Hg throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, and Southern Oceans. Vertical maxima of methylated Hg were found in surface waters, near the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, and in low-oxygen thermocline waters. The greatest concentration of Hg in deep water was measured in Antarctic Bottom Water, and in newly formed Labrador Sea Water, Hg showed a decreasing trend over the past 20 years. Distribution of Hg in polar oceans was unique relative to lower latitudes with higher concentrations of total Hg near the surface and vertical trends of Hg speciation driven by water column stratification and seasonal ice cover. Global models of Hg in the ocean require a better understanding of biogeochemical controls on Hg speciation and improved accuracy of methylated Hg measurements within the international community. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are presented as integrated and indivisible. Therefore, for monitoring purposes, conventional indicator-based frameworks need to be combined with approaches that capture and describe the links and interdependencies between the Goals and their targets. In this study, we propose a data-driven Bayesian network (BN) approach to identify and interpret SDGs interlinkages. We focus our analysis on the interlinkages of SDG 6, related to water and sanitation, across the whole 2030 Agenda, using SDG global available data corresponding to 179 countries, 16 goals, 28 targets and 44 indicators. To analyze and validate the BN results, we first demonstrate the robustness of the BN approach in identifying indicator relationships (i.e. consistent results throughout different country sample sizes). Second, we show the coherency of the results by comparing them with an exhaustive study developed by UN-Water. As an added value, our data-driven approach provides further interlinkages, which are contrasted against the existing literature. We conclude that the approach adopted is useful to accommodate a thorough analysis and interpretation of the complexities and interdependencies of the SDGs. The aquatic plants Iris pseudacorus L., Canna indica L. and Lythrum salicaria L. have been proved to be potential choices for nitrogen removal. However, little is known about microbial diversity for the improvement of nitrogen removal (nitrification and denitrification) in stormwater bioretention cells with the above plants. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate nitrogen removal, substrate layer status, and bacterial community structure to understand microbial diversity and evaluate its effects on performances of nitrogen removal. Ammonia nitrogen removal in the bioretention cell with Lythrum salicaria L. was the highest (88.1%), which was consistent with oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in the bioretention cells. Whilst, removals for both total nitrogen and nitrate were the highest in the bioretention cell with Canna indica L., which was in line with urease activity in the mentioned cells. The used plants had different impact on top 11 dominant microflora at phylum level in the used bioretention cells. Ramlibacter and Nitrosomonadaceaea were both responsible for the difference of nitrogen removal in the bioretention cells with three aquatic plants, suggesting the enhancement of the above dominant microflora could strengthen nitrogen removal in the used bioretention cells. This work reports comprehensive time-series datasets for 137Cs and 99Tc in marine samples from the Danish Straits over the past 40 years, where dynamic inputs from the two European nuclear reprocessing plants Sellafield (SF) and La Hague (LH) and Chernobyl accident are clearly archived. Distinct seasonal variations between 137Cs and 99Tc are observed in Fucus vesiculosus (F. vesiculosus), which needs to be taken into account when using F. vesiculosus as a bio-monitor to represent the concentration of radionuclides in seawater. Comparable transfer factor (TF) for 99Tc from SF to Kattegat between our calculation and earlier studies indicates a relatively steady water mass transport over the past decades. Three distinct events are observed in the temporal evolution of 99Tc/137Cs activity ratio in F. vesiculosu with the first event corresponding with the increased 99Tc discharge from SF, while the other two are very likely related to the major Baltic inflow (MBI) events. The correlation between the 99Tc/137Cs activity ratio and salinity fits well into the binary mixing line with the North Sea (NS) and the Baltic Sea (BS) as end members. A model simulation indicates that water mass from NS constitutes less than 50% in the surface water and 50-100% for most locations in the bottom water of the Danish Straits. Overall observations show that 137Cs and 99Tc in marine samples, especially 99Tc/137Cs isotope ratios, serve as useful oceanic tracers to study different natural processes, such as water mixing and transport dynamics. Fe@Fe2O3 core shell nanomaterials with different Fe2O3 shell thickness were synthesized and the Fe@Fe2O3/NaHSO3 Fenton-like system was used for the decomposition of Orange II. The consequences are compared with traditional Fenton Fe@Fe2O3/H2O2 system. The Fe@Fe2O3/NaHSO3 system showed extremely good applicability under both strongly acidic and alkaline conditions. The new Fe@Fe2O3-(2)/NaHSO3 system led to more than 99% degradation in 30 s when the pH was 3, which indicated that the Fe@Fe2O3 material was not corroded during the process even under strongly acidic condition. The above Fe@Fe2O3-(2) material was prepared from nano-zero-valent iron aged in solution for 2 h to synthesize the Fe2O3 shell. The reaction mechanism of Fe@Fe2O3/NaHSO3 Fenton-like system was also concluded. The oxidation efficiency was highly improved due to rapid electron transfer between Fe core and Fe2O3 shell, which promoted the direct recycling of ≡Fe3+ and ≡Fe2+ and thus accelerated the generation of SO4- and OH radicals. Radioactive Cs ions are extremely harmful to the human body, causing cancers and other diseases. Treatments were performed on radioactive Cs present in wastewater after use in industrial or medical fields. Prussian blue (PB) has been widely used for the removal of Cs ions from water but its colloidal structure hinders reuse, making it problematic for practical use. To solve this problem, we used a commercial macroporous polymer resin as a PB matrix. To provide an efficient anchor for PB, the surface of the polymer resin was decorated with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to produce a negatively charged surface. The successful chemical binding between the polymer resin and PB prevented leakage of the latter during adsorption and crosslinked structure of the matrix provided regeneration of the adsorbent. The adsorbent maintained its removal efficiency after five repeats of the regeneration process. The PB-based, Cs ion-exchange resin showed excellent selectivity toward Cs ions and good reusability, maintaining its high adsorption capacity. As the most typical geological environment, limestone landforms are widespreading in the world and affect the waters that flow around them, which may also change the fate of organic contaminants in these waters. In this study, aquatic environment surrounding limestone was simulated with calcium carbonate, and the photolysis of tetracycline was evaluated under UV irradiation (30 μW/cm2). More tetracycline (up to 98%) was removed in 4 h in the presence of calcium carbonate while only 50% of tetracycline was eliminated in control experiment. The removal of tetracycline was greatly enhanced due to the major roles of alkaline pH and minor roles of Ca2+ and HCO3-/CO32-. In alkaline pH, tetracycline existed as TCs- with higher electronic density in the ring structures, which was more easily attacked by OH. Besides, it could also change the bond orbital energy to facilitate tetracycline absorbing more photon. Moreover, alkaline pH was beneficial to generate more OH and thus promote the indirect photolysis. In addition, alkaline pH also changed the degradation path of tetracycline and rapidly convert tetracycline to the byproducts with m/z 457 via hydroxylation and hydrogen abstraction. This work provides not only better understanding about the fate of tetracycline in aquatic environments but also new insights into the treatment of antibiotic-contaminated water. Although Solanum nigrum L. is a phytoremediator for different metals, its growth and physiology are still compromised by toxic levels of zinc (Zn). Thus, the development of eco-friendly strategies to enhance its tolerance, maintaining remediation potential is of special interest. This study evaluated the potential of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) to boost S. nigrum defence against Zn towards a better growth rate and remediation potential. After 24 days of exposure, the results revealed that Zn-mediated inhibitory effects on biomass and biometry were efficiently mitigated upon application of 24-EBL, without affecting Zn accumulation. The evaluation of oxidative stress markers reported that Zn excess stimulated the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2.-), but reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, while not altering lipid peroxidation (LP). This was accompanied by an up-regulation of the antioxidant system, especially proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both organs, and ascorbate in roots of Zn-exposed plants.