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LC anatomical parameters can be estimated with precision using SDOCT with enhanced depth imaging (EDI). Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of paroxetine combined with olanzapine in the treatment of senile schizophrenia with depression. Methods Eighty-four elderly schizophrenic patients with depression who were admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to February 2018 were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into observation group and control group using random number table, 42 cases in each group. The control group was treated with olanzapine orally, while the observation group was treated with olanzapine and paroxetine orally. The level of homocysteine (Hcy) in the two groups was analyzed before and after treatment. GX15-070 antagonist The efficacy was evaluated by the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) score and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score. The adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the level of serum Hcy in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Paroxetine combined with olanzapine has a definite clinical effect in the treatment of senile schizophrenia with depression. It can effectively reduce the level of serum Hcy, relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia, and alleviate the depressive symptoms of patients, with high safety. It is worth promoting. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objectives To investigate the severity of cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes across the left and right hemisphere. Moreover, it also study gender differences with respect to MCA strokes. Methods The study was conducted from February 2019 - May 2019 at COMSATS University, Islamabad. A total sample size of N=55 middle cerebral artery ischemic infarct patients was selected with N=29 left middle cerebral artery ischemic infarct patients and N=26 right middle cerebral artery ischemic infarct patients. The sample was assessed on The Neurocognitive Assessment Battery for stroke patients (N-CABS) & The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Urdu (PSQI-U). Results The mean age of the sample was 50.96 years. There was a significant difference among scores of cognitive dysfunction between Left MCA (M=47.28, SD=12.87) and Right MCA stroke patients (M=29.7, S=21.41), t (53) =-6.80, p less then 0.001. Similarly, there was significant difference among scores of sleep disturbance between Left MCA (M=6.90, SD=2.93) and Right MCA (M=10.35, SD=3.97), t (53) =-3.68, p less then 0.001. Gender comparisons reveal that there is no significant difference between males and females for both, cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment. Conclusions Cognitive dysfunction and sleep quality impairment due to MCA strokes is significant between left and right hemispheres respectively, regardless of gender, assessed with N-CABS and PSQI-U. Further studies are required to analyse other demographic correlates related to MCA strokes. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objective To find out if there is any relationship of methylation status of ABO gene promoter with the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a hospital-based Pakistani population in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A case control study comprising of 39 adult AMI patients (both males and females; age range 30-70 years) and 39 normal healthy controls (both males and females and similar age range) nested in a large study (to see the relationship of ABO genotypes with AMI) was designed to investigate the methylation status of ABO gene promoter and its association with AMI. The study was carried out at the Aga Khan University, Karachi during July 2018 to June 2019. DNA isolated from samples of AMI patients and normal healthy controls were converted into bisulphite DNA using a kit method. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out to determine the methylation status of ABO gene promoter in both cases and controls. Logistic regression was used to find out any association between increased methylation status of ABO gene promoter and risk of AMI. Results A significantly higher percentage of DNA methylation of the ABO gene promoter was observed in AMI patients as compared to normal healthy controls (82.1% vs. 35.9%; p value less then 0.001). This higher methylation status of ABO gene promoter was associated with AMI and the odds of AMI in this population were more than 6-fold in subjects with methylated gene promoter compared to those with unmethylated gene promoter after adjusting with age and waist circumference [AOR (95% CI) = 6.27 (1.76-22.3); p value = 0.005]. Conclusion The ABO gene promoter's hypermethylation appears to be increasing the risk of AMI in a hospital-based Pakistani population in Karachi, Pakistan. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol in the treatment of asthmatic bronchitis. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with asthmatic bronchitis who were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table method, 60 in each group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with ambroxol in addition to conventional treatment. The therapeutic effect, disappearance time of symptoms and signs and the recovery of pulmonary function were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7%, and that of the control group was 73.3%. The control effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, showing a significant difference (P less then 0.05). The disappearance time of symptoms of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, and the recovery of pulmonary function was better; the differences were statistically significant (P less then 0.05). Conclusion For asthmatic bronchitis patients, addition of ambroxol to conventional treatment can improve the therapeutic effect, shorten the disappearance time of clinical signs and symptoms, and promote the recovery of patients, which is worth clinical application. Copyright © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.