Esteslim1706

The epidemiological characteristics, in-hospital treatments and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among older patients have not been fully evaluated in Japan.

In this retrospective observational study carried out in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, we enrolled patients aged ≥60 years with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 from January to November 2020. The main outcome was mortality during the observation period, based on the Infectious Diseases Control Law. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between epidemiological factors and mortality among older patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Older patients accounted for 21.5% (3192/14 846) of the registered patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The number of patients according to age was as follows 60-69 years, 1140 (35.7%); 70-79 years, 1058 (33.1%); 80-89 years, 749 (23.5%); and ≥90 years, 245 (7.7%). The proportion of deaths during the observation period was 8.5% (271/3192). The proportion of deaths increased with increasing age category (from 1.9% to 20.4%, P for trend <0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients aged 70-79, 80-89 and ≥90 years had higher hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of death (2.62 [1.63-4.23], 5.99 [3.77-9.50] and 10.24 [6.03-17.40], respectively) than those aged 60-69 years. Factors such as male sex, presence of comorbidities, cluster cases in medical institutions and moderate/severe symptoms at diagnosis were also associated with mortality.

This study shows the epidemiological characteristics of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The proportion of deaths was 8.5% in total and increased with increasing age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 629-635.

This study shows the epidemiological characteristics of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The proportion of deaths was 8.5% in total and increased with increasing age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 629-635.Achieving high-current-density and high-area-capacity operation of Li metal anodes offers promising opportunities for high-performing next-generation batteries. However, high-rate Li deposition suffers from undesired Li-ion depletion especially at the electrolyte-anode interface, which compromises achievable capacity and lifetime. Here, electronegative graphene quantum dots are synthesized and assembled into an ultra-thin overlayer capable of efficient Li-ion adsorbing at the nanoscale on Li-metal to fully relieve Li-ion depletion. The protected Li anode achieves long-term reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at both superior current density of 60 mA cm-2 and areal capacity of 60 mAh cm-2 . Implementation of the protected anode allows for the construction of Li-air full battery with both enhanced rate capability and cycling performance.This Review discusses, along with the historical background, the principles as well as proof-of-concept studies of the crystalline sponge (CS) method, a new single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) method for the analysis of the structures of small molecules without sample crystallization. The method uses single-crystalline porous coordination networks (crystalline sponges) that can absorb small guest molecules within their pores. The absorbed guest molecules are ordered in the pores through molecular recognition and become observable by conventional SCXRD analysis. The complex [(ZnI2 )3 (tpt)2 ]⋅x(solvent)n (tpt=tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) was first proposed as a crystalline sponge and has been most generally used. Crystalline sponges developed later are also discussed here. The principle of the CS method can be described as "post-crystallization" of the absorbed guest, whose ordering is templated by the pre-latticed cavities. The method has been widely applied to synthetic chemistry as well as natural product studies, for which proof-of-concept examples will be shown here.

To determine whether ventral mesh rectopexy at the time of sacrocolpopexy reduces the rate of future posterior wall prolapse.

This is a retrospective cohort study of 150 women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who underwent sacrocolpopexy with (n=41) and without concomitant rectopexy (n= 109) at a single community hospital from December 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019. Preoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) and urodynamic testing was used in evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse. Patients were followed for 12-weeks postoperatively and a 12-week postoperative POP-Q assessment was completed. The incidence of new or recurrent posterior prolapse was compared between cohorts.

Patient demographics did not statistically differ between cohorts. Post-surgical posterior wall prolapse was reduced in the robotic assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) + rectopexy group compared to RASC alone, however this did not reach statistical significance. There were no patients who underwent concomitant rectopexy and RASC thawever, was underpowered to elucidate a statistically significant difference between groups. Future studies are needed to confirm a reduced risk of posterior wall prolapse in patients who undergo concomitant RASC and rectopexy.

Endocan is a novel marker of endothelial inflammation. In this study, we aimed to show whether there was a significant difference between the endocan levels of pregnant women with and without preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM and non-PPROM). Also, we aimed to find a relation between endocan levels and the latent period.

Pregnant women with PPROM between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation and those without PPROM with similar gestational weeks were included in the study. selleckchem A total of 88 pregnant women, 44 with PROM and 44 healthy pregnancies, were evaluated. Demographic and obstetric features, leukocyte, and endocan levels of the study and control groups were compared.

The demographic features and obstetric history of both groups were similar. The mean leukocyte and endocan levels of the study group were higher than in the control group (p< 0.001 and 0.029, respectively). The leukocyte level was the only independent factor predicting PPROM after multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Although the endocan levels were higher in patients with PPROM, multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictive factor was the leukocyte level.

Although the endocan levels were higher in patients with PPROM, multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictive factor was the leukocyte level.The coronavirus global pandemic interrupted teaching at Australian universities. Face-to-face teaching was replaced by online delivery. This presented challenges for nursing programmes due to the hands-on teaching requirements and clinical placements. Questions were raised around students' resilience and stress in the face of adversity. This study explored undergraduate nursing students' resilience, challenges experienced, and supports utilized during the pandemic. Convenience sampling recruited students from one nursing programme (n = 340). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25) examined resilience scores through non-parametric analysis. Narrative responses were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. 121 surveys (40.3%) were completed. Most participants were from second year (n = 77, 63.6%). The difference in median resilience scores among employed participants was statistically significant (P = 0.029) and higher than the unemployed. The median scores of students working in nursing-related roles were higher than others. Median resilience score across all year levels was 70 (IQR = 62-80), in the lowest score range. Major themes identified were fear of the virus, isolation, and mental health problems. The coping strategies identified were developing daily routines, staying connected, and establishing self-help techniques. This research has implications to optimize students' learning experience, enhance resilience, and promote mental health and well-being.

Circulating fibrocytes act as precursors of myofibroblasts, contribute to airway remodelling in chronic asthma and migrate to injured tissues by expressing CXCR4 and CCR7. Anti-IgE therapy improves severe allergic asthma (SAA) control and airway remodelling in T2-high SAA. The effects of anti-IgE therapy on fibrocyte activities were investigated in this study.

The expression of CCR7, CXCR4, ST2 and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) in both circulating and cultured fibrocytes from all patients with asthma was measured, and was repeated after omalizumab treatment in SAA. Fibrocytes recruitment, proliferation and transformation were also measured in response to anti-IgE therapy.

Omalizumab effectively improved asthma control and pulmonary function in T2-high SAA, associated with a decline in serum levels of IL-33 and IL-13. Omalizumab down-regulates CXCR4 and CCR7 expression of fibrocytes, which could suppress fibrocyte recruitment into the lungs. Omalizumab also suppressed the increased number of fibrocytes ate activation contributing partly to the clinical benefits in reducing lamina propria and basement membrane thickening.As a fundamental type of carbonylation reaction, the alkoxy- and hydroxy-carbonylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons constitutes one of the most important industrial applications of homogeneous catalysis. However, owing to the difficulties in controlling multi-selectivities for asymmetric hydrocarbonylation of alkenes, this reaction is typically limited to vinylarenes and analogues. In this work, a highly efficient asymmetric alkoxy- and hydroxy-carbonylation of β-carbonyl functionalized alkenes was developed, providing practical and easy access to various densely functionalized chiral molecules with high optical purity from broadly available alkenes, CO, and nucleophiles (>90 examples, 84-99 % ee). This protocol features mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope, and the products can be readily transformed into a diverse array of chiral heterocycles. Control experiments revealed the key role of the β-carbonyl group in determining the enantioselectivity and promoting the activity, which facilitates chiral induction by coordination to the transition metal as rationalized by DFT calculations. The strategy of utilizing an innate functional group as the directing group on the alkene substrate might find further applications in catalytic asymmetric hydrocarbonylation reactions.

Public stigma, or negative community-held beliefs, about children with disabilities (CWDs) often leads to negative outcomes for CWD and their families. This study considers the effectiveness of four community-level interventions to reduce public stigma in two Lusaka, Zambia communities.

This feasibility study describes four community-based interventions to provide education to consider whether perceptions of attitudes and stigma towards CWD changed after implementing four educational interventions.

Results revealed that these interventions were achievable. Preliminary multiple regression analyses indicated a significant impact of attending an event on the attitude scale, while no effect on the stigma scale. Presence at multiple anti-stigma events exhibited no effect for the stigma scale, while the attitude scale showed significance.

This study builds on the limited research available in low-income countries to reduce public stigma towards CWD, with the hope of enhance quality of life for CWD and their families.