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t personalized ASM selection could improve retention rates and that national registers have potential as big data sources for personalized medicine in epilepsy.Histidine is an important carbon and nitrogen source of γ-proteobacteria and can affect bacteria-host interactions. The mechanisms of histidine uptake are only partly understood. Here, we analyze functional properties of the putative histidine transporter HutT of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The hutT gene is part of the histidine utilization operon, and the gene product belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) family of secondary transporters. Deletion of hutT severely impairs growth of P. putida on histidine, suggesting that the encoded transporter is the major histidine uptake system of P. putida. Transport experiments with cells and purified and reconstituted protein indicate that HutT functions as a high-affinity histidine proton symporter with high specificity for the amino acid. Substitution analyses identified amino acids crucial for HutT function.
The aim of this paper is to propose a fracture model for human ribs based on acoustic emission (AE) data. The accumulation of microcracking until a macroscopic crack is produced can be monitored by AE. see more The macrocrack propagation causes the loss of the structural integrity of the rib.
The AE technique was used in in vitro bending tests of human ribs. The AE data obtained were used to construct a quantitative model that allows an estimation of the failure stress from the signals detected. The model predicts the ultimate stress with an error of less than 3.5% (even at stresses 15% lower than failure stress), which makes it possible to safely anticipate the failure of the rib.
The percolation theory was used to model crack propagation. Moreover, a quantitative probability-based model for the expected number of AE signals has been constructed, incorporating some ideas of percolation theory. The model predicts that AE signals associated with micro-failures should exhibit a vertical asymptote when stress increg.
The measurements and the shape of the curves predicted by the model fit well. In addition, the model parameters seem to explain quantitatively and qualitatively the distribution of the AE signals as the material approaches the macroscopic fracture. Moreover, some of these parameters correlate with anthropometric variables, such as age or Body Mass Index. The proposed model could be used to predict the structural failure of ribs subjected to bending.Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) is characterized by difficulties in intimate relationships, social and interpersonal deficits, and perceptual distortions. Encompassing this personality disorder and other mental conditions, the Hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) is an evidence-based, dimensional model covering pathological traits in its lower range. This study aimed to develop a self-report scale for screening pathological traits of STPD from the perspective of the HiTOP. The sample consisted of 474 Brazilian adults aged 18-70 years who answered the developed scale, the IDCP-STPD, facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and factors of the Computerized Adaptive Assessment of Personality Disorder Static Form (CAT-PD-SF). The scale was composed of 73 items distributed in two factors. Internal structure reliability was higher than 0.80 for all scores of the scale. The factors showed associations with the expected external measures, and the groups based on the STPD external measures (healthy and pathological) showed big to huge differences. Although initial, our findings suggested the IDCP-STPD as a helpful measure to the clinical context to screen the STPD pathological traits. Moreover, the structure observed for the IDCP-STPD confirms the spectrum level of the HiTOP.
To identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for post-traumatic epilepsy.
The EPITARGET (Targets and biomarkers for antiepileptogenesis, epitarget.eu) animal cohort completing T
relaxation and diffusion tensor MRI follow-up and 1-month-long video-electroencephalography monitoring included 98 male Sprague-Dawley rats with traumatic brain injury and 18 controls. T
imaging was performed on day (D) 2, D7, and D21 and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on D7 and D21 using a 7-Tesla Bruker PharmaScan MRI scanner. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the T
relaxation rate, multiple diffusivity measures, and diffusion anisotropy at each time-point within the ventroposterolateral and ventroposteromedial thalamus were used as predictor variables in multi-variable logistic regression models to distinguish rats with and without epilepsy.
Twenty-nine percent (28/98) of the rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) developed epilepsy. The best-performing logistic regression model utilized the D2 and D7 Togic changes common to experimental and human TBI presents a diagnostic biomarker for post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Significant enrichment of the study population was achieved even when using a single time-point measurement, producing an expected epilepsy rate of 73%.
Humans suffering from polycythaemia undergo multiple circulatory adaptations including changes in blood rheology and structural and functional vascular adaptations to maintain normal blood pressure and vascular shear stresses, despite high blood viscosity. During exercise, several circulatory adaptations are observed, especially involving adrenergic and non-adrenergic mechanisms within non-active and active skeletal muscle to maintain exercise capacity, which is not observed in animal models. Despite profound circulatory stress, i.e. polycythaemia, several adaptations can occur to maintain exercise capacity, therefore making early identification of the disease difficult without overt symptomology. Pharmacological treatment of the background heightened sympathetic activity may impair the adaptive sympathetic response needed to match local oxygen delivery to active skeletal muscle oxygen demand and therefore inadvertently impair exercise capacity.
Excessive haematocrit and blood viscosity can increase bloodn blood viscosity yet similar total blood volume. Moreover, both morphological and functional alterations in the periphery normalized vascular shear stress and blood pressure despite high sympathetic nerve activity. During exercise, blood pressure, cardiac work and global oxygen delivery increased similar to healthy Andeans but were sustained by modifications in both non-active and active skeletal muscle vascular function. These findings highlight widespread physiological adaptations that can occur in response to polycythaemia, which allow the maintenance of exercise capacity.Stem cell-based therapy has been highlighted as a potential avenue to promote tissue regeneration, where stimulation of stem cells to differentiate into the targeted cell type is essential. One of the factors that induce stem cells to differentiate is their surrounding microenvironment. In this study, the correlation between mild reductant and early osteogenic commitment was evaluated. A cell surface-reducing microenvironment significantly silenced the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), followed by increased focal adhesion and inhibition of cell membrane protein dimerization. Furthermore, in vivo transplantation of MSCs exposed to the reducing microenvironment resulted in an early osteogenic commitment and neobone formation. Thus, these results highlight the potential of cell surface-reducing microenvironment to influence early osteogenic commitment.
In cardiac myocytes, subcellular local calcium release signals, calcium sparks, are recruited to form each cellular calcium transient and activate the contractile machinery. Abnormal timing of recovery of sparks after their termination may contribute to arrhythmias. We developed a method to interrogate recovery of calcium spark trigger probabilities and their amplitude over time using two-photon photolysis of a new ultra-effective caged calcium compound. The findings confirm the utility of the technique to define an elevated sensitivity of the calcium release mechanism in situ and to follow hastened recovery of spark trigger probabilities in a mouse model of an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, which was used for validation. Analogous methods are likely to be applicable to investigate other microscopic subcellular signalling systems in a variety of cell types.
In cardiac myocytes Ca
-induced Ca
release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through ryanodine receptors (RyRs) governs activation of conCR and RyR Ca2+ sensitivity. It can be used to measure the kinetics of local CICR recovery, alterations of which may be related to premature heart beats and arrhythmias.
To evaluate the influence of gross domestic product (GDP), government expenditures on education and health (% of GDP), per capita sugar consumption, and years of schooling on caries experience (DMFT) in 12-year-old children globally.
The study analyzed global data of GDP, sugar consumption, years of schooling, expenditure on education and health, and DMFT from 69 countries. Information about DMFT and sugar consumption was retrieved from the World Health Organization while data of other study variables were available from the United Nations Development Program. Data were compared among low, middle, and high-income countries.
Sugar consumption (p=0.005) and years of schooling increased progressively from low-income to high-income countries (p < 0.001). The greater percentage of GDP was spent on health (6.55 ± 2.94) than on education (3.48 ± 2.60). Upper-middle-income countries had the highest mean DMFT score (2.23 ± 1.23) and per capita sugar consumption (33.28 ± 14.06). High-income countries spent 4.33% of their GDP on education followed by low-income countries (3.92%) (p=0.037). Similar trends were observed with regards to the percentage of GDP spent on health (p=0.003). Univariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the percentage of GDP spent on education (r=-0.252, p=0.037) and DMFT. Significant correlation remained in multivariate analysis; the percentage of GDP spent on education and DMFT in children (B=-0.128, p=0.028).
Low, middle, and high-income countries demonstrated significant inequalities regarding caries experience, sugar consumption, and share of GDP spent on health and education. Increasing the share of GDP on education may reduce caries burden in children globally.
Low, middle, and high-income countries demonstrated significant inequalities regarding caries experience, sugar consumption, and share of GDP spent on health and education. Increasing the share of GDP on education may reduce caries burden in children globally.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting 60%-70% of people afflicted with this disease. Accurate antemortem diagnosis is urgently needed for early detection of AD to enable reliable estimation of prognosis, intervention, and monitoring of the disease. The National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association sponsored the 'Research Framework towards a biological definition of AD', which recommends using different biomarkers in living persons for a biomarker-based definition of AD regardless of clinical status. Fluid biomarkers represent one of key groups of them. Since cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with brain and many proteins present in the brain can be detected in CSF, this fluid has been regarded as the best biofluid in which to measure AD biomarkers. Recently, technological advancements in protein detection made possible the effective study of plasma AD biomarkers despite their significantly lower concentrations versus to that in CSF. This and other challenges that face plasma-based biomarker measurements can be overcome by using mass spectrometry.
