Espinozabunn1753

In maize, 24-nt phased, secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are abundant in meiotic stage anthers, but their distribution and functions are not precisely known. Using laser capture microdissection, we analyzed tapetal cells, meiocytes and other somatic cells at several stages of anther development to establish the timing of 24-PHAS precursor transcripts and the 24-nt phasiRNA products. By integrating RNA and small RNA profiling plus single-molecule and small RNA FISH (smFISH or sRNA-FISH) spatial detection, we demonstrate that the tapetum is the primary site of 24-PHAS precursor and Dcl5 transcripts and the resulting 24-nt phasiRNAs. Interestingly, 24-nt phasiRNAs accumulate in all cell types, with the highest levels in meiocytes, followed by tapetum. Our data support the conclusion that 24-nt phasiRNAs are mobile from tapetum to meiocytes and to other somatic cells. We discuss possible roles for 24-nt phasiRNAs in anther cell types.We previously reported that a novel haemoglobin-platelet index (HPI) based on anaemia and thrombocytopenia was useful to predict the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS). Here, we analyse the utility of HPI in a new validation cohort with DLBCL NOS (n = 94). As a result, we confirm that HPI was effective for differentiating progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival in this validation cohort. So, we further compare the utility of HPI with previously reported prognostic markers such as the National Comprehensive Center Network-International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), and platelet-albumin (PA) score, using a larger number of 160 patients consisting of the derivation cohort (n = 66) and a validation cohort (n = 94). As a result, the patients with a higher HPI score had significantly worse outcomes, and HPI predicted the prognosis of DLBCL NOS independently of NCCN-IPI. HPI was more sensitive than GPS and almost the same as PA score in predicting PFS. Moreover, the patients whose lymphoma cells were positive for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (75/111 cases) judged by immunohistochemical staining had significantly lower haemoglobin levels and platelet counts than IL-6-negative cases (36/111 cases), suggesting the involvement of IL-6 produced by lymphoma cells in anaemia and thrombocytopenia in DLBCL NOS patients.Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a novel technique for minimally invasive gynecological surgery. Adequate training and standardization are key elements to patient safety and quality of care. Based on consensus statements and expert opinion; we report a step-by-step guidance for hysterectomy via natural orifice transluminal endoscopy. A detailed description is presented of pre- and postoperative care, and the instruments and equipment used, and surgical steps are illustrated by photographic images. This report can guide surgeons in their training to perform a hysterectomy via NOTES.Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) offer a key for morphological diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and are the foundation of oncoimmunology. To date, no reports have found a specific risk stratification value of TILs and related it to genomic variation in LELC. Based on the stromal TILs (str-TILs) ratio, we classified 105 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated LELC cases into two subtypes patients with ≥60% str-TILs area ratio in tumor were classified as subtype I, and otherwise as subtype II. Subtype I patients had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also explored the genomic characteristics of EBV-associated LELC within different involved organs. We performed whole-exome sequencing for 51 patients with enough tissue and analyzed the genomic characteristics of EBV-associated LELC. Overall, EBV-associated LELCs were characterized by a low somatic mutation rate and copy number variations; the enriched genetic lesions affected RTK-RAS, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, EBV-associated LELCs from different organs were more similar to each other genetically as compared with other traditional carcinomas of the same sites-as evidenced by unsupervised clustering based on the quantitative data from both mutation signature and chromosomal aneuploidies. Notably, EBV-associated LELC patients with oncogenic driver alterations showed a worse prognosis compared with patients without such alterations. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.Sociologists have long been interested in the meaning workers derive from their jobs. The issue has garnered increasing academic and policy attention in recent years with the concept of "meaningful work," yet little is known about how social stratification relates to access to it. This paper addresses this issue by exploring how the meaningfulness of jobs-as rated by their incumbents-is stratified across classes and occupations in a national survey of 14,000 working adults in the United Kingdom. It finds modest differentials between classes, with those in routine and manual occupations reporting the lowest levels of meaningfulness and those in managerial and professional occupations and small employers and own account workers reporting the highest levels. Detailed job attributes (e.g., job complexity and development opportunities) explain much of the differences in meaningfulness between classes and occupations, and much of the overall variance in meaningfulness. The main exception is the specific case of how useful workers perceive their jobs to be for society A handful of occupations relating to health, social care, and protective services which cut across classes stand out from all other occupations. The paper concludes that the modest stratification between classes and occupations in meaningful work is largely due to disparities in underlying job complexity and development opportunities. The extent to which these aspects of work can be improved, and so meaningfulness, especially in routine and manual occupations, is an open, yet urgent, question.Sea urchins have a long history as model organisms in biology, but their use in genetics is limited because of their long breeding cycle. In sea urchin genetics, genome editing technology was first established in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, whose genome has already been published. However, because this species also has a long breeding cycle, new model sea urchins that are more suitable for genetics have been sought. Here, we report a draft genome of another Western Pacific species, Temnopleurus reevesii, which we established as a new model sea urchin recently since this species has a comparable developmental process to other model sea urchins but a short breeding cycle of approximately half a year. Etomoxir mouse The genome of T. reevesii was assembled into 28,742 scaffold sequences with an N50 length of 67.6 kb and an estimated genome size of 905.9 Mb. In the assembled genome, 27,064 genes were identified, 23,624 of which were expressed in at least one of the seven developmental stages. To provide genetic information, we constructed the genome database TrBase (https//cell-innovation.nig.ac.jp/Tree/). We also constructed the Western Pacific Sea Urchin Genome Database (WestPac-SUGDB) (https//cell-innovation.nig.ac.jp/WPAC/) with the aim of establishing a portal site for genetic information on sea urchins in the West Pacific. This site contains genomic information on two species, T. reevesii and H. pulcherrimus, and is equipped with homology search programs for comparing the two datasets. Therefore, TrBase and WestPac-SUGDB are expected to contribute not only to genetic research using sea urchins but also to comparative genomics and evolutionary research.Traditional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) incorporating the critical level of significance of 0.05 has become the cornerstone of decision-making in health care, and nowhere less so than in obstetric and gynecological research. However, such practice is controversial. In particular, it was never intended for clinical significance to be inferred from statistical significance. The inference of clinical importance based on statistical significance (p  less then  0.05), and lack of clinical significance otherwise (p ≥ 0.05) represents misunderstanding of the original purpose of NHST. Furthermore, the limitations of NHST-sensitivity to sample size, plus type I and II errors-are frequently ignored. Therefore, decision-making based on NHST has the potential for recurrent false claims about the effectiveness of interventions or importance of exposure to risk factors, or dismissal of important ones. This commentary presents the history behind NHST along with the limitations that modern-day NHST presents, and suggests that a statistics reform regarding NHST be considered.

This study was undertaken to identify prognostic biomarkers for posttraumatic epileptogenesis derived from parameters related to the hippocampal position and orientation.

Data were derived from two preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up studies EPITARGET (156 rats) and Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx; University of Eastern Finland cohort, 43 rats). Epileptogenesis was induced with lateral fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. In the EPITARGET cohort,







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-weighted MRI was performed at 2, 7, and 21days and in the EpiBioS4Rx cohort at 2, 9, and 30days and 5months post-TBI. Both hippocampi were segmented using convolutional neural networks. The extracted segmentation mask was used for a geometric construction, extracting 39 parameters that described the position and orientation of the left and right hippocampus. In each cohort, we assessed the parameten by clinically translatable MRI methodologies detects subjects with prior TBI as well as those at high risk of PTE, paving the way toward subject stratification for antiepileptogenesis studies.

We demonstrate that assessment of TBI-induced hippocampal deformation by clinically translatable MRI methodologies detects subjects with prior TBI as well as those at high risk of PTE, paving the way toward subject stratification for antiepileptogenesis studies.

To explore how AADAC functions in the malignant progression of ovarian cancer, and the effect of AADAC on drug therapeutic activity against ovarian cancer cells.

AADAC level in tumor and normal samples from TCGA-OV dataset and its survival significance were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Signaling pathway enrichment analysis for the high- and low-AADAC patients was achieved by using GSEA software. AADAC expression in the cell lines with different treatments was evaluated via qRT-PCR. Cell proliferative ability was assessed via MTT assay Cell migratory and invasive abilities were evaluated via transwell assay. Angiogenesis assay was performed to examine the angiogenetic ability.

AADAC was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues, and patients with high expression of AADAC had favorable survival conditions compared to the low AADAC expression ones. Overexpression of AADAC inhibited the malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells. Both cisplatin and imatinib suppressed cancer cell malignant progression, while overexpressed AADAC synergistically enhanced such inhibition.