Espensenhughes6872

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are constantly being reported in the literature. The goal of our review was to summarize the most important air pollutants and their impact on the main respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis) to reduce both short- and the long-term exposure consequences. We considered the most important air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, ozone, particulate matter and biomass smoke, and observed their impact on pulmonary pathologies. We focused on respiratory pathologies, because air pollution potentiates the increase in respiratory diseases, and the evidence that air pollutants have a detrimental effect is growing. It is imperative to constantly improve policy initiatives on air quality in both high- and low-income countries.Growth and environment literature has gained much attention in recent times. However, the emphasis was laid on the conventional economic growth or gross domestic product at the expense of the category of growth that is evenly shared and whose social benefits are far reaching than just an increase in the overall economic pie. It is on this note that the present paper looks at the type of relationship between growth and environment with particular emphasis on growth that is all inclusive. Data are sourced from World Governance and Development Indicators (WGI and WDI) and an index of inclusive growth constructed using principal component analysis (PCA). The findings indicate that institutional quality plays a major role in enhancing growth-environmental sustainability. The results further find a new phenomenon called environmental inclusive-growth Kuznets curve (EIKC) and added to the EKC debate. That is, at the early phase of inclusive growth, environmental degradation rises as well but environmental quality improves with the rise in inclusive growth at a higher phase of the relationship. The study recommends that policymakers should encourage the economies of sub-Saharan Africa to pursue inclusive growth and not compromise it for sustainability since sustainability comes later. Institutional quality which serves as a transmission mechanism in the study can as well be used as a robust and efficient structure to avoid adverse environmental externalities of inclusive growth.Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in an open economy has gradually become an important source of green innovation (GI). With the rapid development of China's OFDI, this research studies the impact of OFDI on the country's GI, employing panel data of 30 provinces from 2006 to 2017. We first use the Super-SBM model to measure GI performance and then test the impact of OFDI on GI with the system GMM model. Evidence finds that the negative impact of OFDI on GI is not significant on the whole, but the results of regional regression show that impact of OFDI on GI exhibits obvious regional differences. We then utilize the dynamic threshold panel model to determine the non-linear relationship between OFDI and GI through the perspective of environmental regulation in order to avoid the bias caused by ignoring the impact of institutional factors and time dynamic change. After dividing environmental regulations into command control environmental regulation and market incentive environmental regulation, the research results show that the double threshold effects of both environmental regulations are significant. Command control environmental regulation does not play a role in promoting the effect of OFDI on GI. When the intensity of market incentive environmental regulation is low, OFDI negatively affects GI. Moreover, only when the market incentive regulation shows high intensity can OFDI significantly promote GI. With the continuous growth of China's OFDI, it is therefore necessary to determine the appropriate environmental regulation to improve the reverse spillover effect of OFDI enterprises on the country's GI.The effect of emerging pollutant Dechlorane Plus (DPs), an organochlorine aliphatic flame retardant, on waste-activated sludge anaerobic fermentation was investigated, and the related mechanisms were revealed for the first time. The results of this experiment suggested that the presence of DPs had a significant inhibitory effect on sludge anaerobic fermentation to generate the intermediate valuable product short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and when the DP content was 3034.1±101.7 mg/kg total suspended solids (TSS), the maximal output of SCFA was only 215.04 mg/g, which was 0.47 times of that in the blank. The underlying mechanism investigation indicated DPs promoted the disintegration of sludge, but inhibited the process of hydrolysis and acidification. DPs inhibited the release of soluble bound extracellular polymers (SB-EPS) in sludge. find more The analysis of microbial community characteristics indicated that DPs reduced the level of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriathe, which were the key acid producing bacteria. At the genus level, DPs reduced the relative abundance of Proteiniclasticum and Mycobacteriumwas.Red sand dust pollution is of great concern for its occupational and environmental detriments. The current remediation technique includes water spray and non-traditional stabilization via the application of polymer stabilizers. The dust erosion resistance plays a significant role in quantifying the effectiveness of red sand dust suppression. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of five static and dynamic laboratorial methods that are commonly utilized to quantify the dust erosion resistance in the presence of polymers in previous studies, which are wind tunnel simulation, dynamic viscosity test, crust thickness test, penetration resistance test, and unconfined compressive strength test. The advantages and shortcomings of these methods were comprehensively demonstrated. The results illustrated that the penetration resistance test is the most reliable method in terms of the highest accuracy and relatively simpler operation. It also reveals excellent universality for effectively quantifying the dust erosion resistance of red sand with different particle sizes and for different polymers with various concentrations, while the rest of the methods failed to identify.