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Integrating an RGA with an in situ scanning/TEM closed-cell gas reaction system can thus provide critical measurements correlating gas composition with dynamic surface restructuring of materials during reactions.Today's aging population means that retirement homes must be considered more carefully in research, particularly in terms of social ties. After moving into a retirement home, many seniors wish to remain active and contribute to society, thereby maintaining a sense of purpose. The objective of this exploratory qualitative research is to explore and better understand the perceptions and experiences of seniors living in retirement homes regarding their social participation, in terms of interpersonal relationships and recreational activities. We interviewed 11 residents of private seniors' residences in Quebec City, Canada. At the personal level, the central factors for social participation are adaptation to the new environment, involvement in this environment, especially via volunteering, and health status. Regarding the social environment, important factors include geographic proximity to the social network, diversity of proposed leisure activities and staff permanence. In conclusion, we compiled a list of recommendations in respect of intervention strategies and defined future research avenues that would address the issues of social participation highlighted in this study.OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition and excess BMI) among children under the age of 5 years and women of reproductive age in Bolivia considering three socioeconomic indicators wealth, education and ethnicity. DESIGN We used the 2008 nationally representative Bolivian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Malnutrition's prevalence was estimated by wealth, ethnicity and educational level. Wealth index was measured based on the DHS methodology and nutritional status by using WHO standards and indicators. Education level (EL) was categorized by years of formal education. Adenosine disodium triphosphate price SETTING Bolivia. PARTICIPANTS In total, 5·903 children 40 %) in all ages· The prevalence of overweight and obesity tends to rise with age from childhood (10·02-11·60) to adolescence (27·9-31·03), reaching highest levels in women of reproductive age (56·02-57·76). According to wealth tertiles, higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in children of high tertile (12·23), adolescent women of low (32·56) and adult women of medium tertile (63·08). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that currently Bolivia is in a transitional stage, faces not only the problem of undernutrition but also those of overnutrition, showing strong inequalities according to socioeconomic and education status. This study calls for state-specific policies keeping in view of the nature of inequality in malnutrition in the country and its differential characteristics across wealth status.A shift within state psychiatric hospitals toward serving a predominantly forensic population has resulted in increased violent incidents within those settings. Thus, addressing criminogenic needs in addition to mental illness is an important paradigm shift. Relying on seclusion or restraint as the primary mechanisms to address violence interferes with the provision of effective care to patients struggling with aggressive behaviors. Implementing new treatment programs aimed at reducing violence in forensic inpatient settings is warranted. This article focuses on the step-by-step process of developing such a specialized treatment program within the California Department of State Hospitals. Leadership within this hospital system collaborated with labor unions and other stakeholders to obtain funding to create a novel treatment environment. This treatment program includes a ward design aimed to improve safety and delivers treatment based on the Risk Needs Responsivity Model. Treatment is guided by violence risk assessment and primarily focused on addressing criminogenic needs. The selection of treatments with a focus on violence reduction is discussed.OBJECTIVE When breast-feeding is not possible, commercially made human milk substitute is recommended. Some consumers would prefer to make their own homemade infant formula (HIF) and may seek information on this practice from internet sources. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the content of blogs posting HIF recipes. DESIGN Blog postings were identified through a comprehensive search conducted using the Google search engine and the following search terms along with the term 'blog' 'Make Your Own Baby Formula', 'Homemade Baby Formula', 'Do It Yourself (DIY) Baby Formula', 'DIY Baby Formula', 'Baby Formula Recipe' and 'All Natural Baby Formula'. A quantitative content analysis of blogs offering recipes for HIF was completed. Blogs that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed for disclaimers, blogger's credentials, rationale for HIF use, advertisement or sale of recipe ingredients and recipe ingredients. SETTING Worldwide Web. RESULTS Fifty-nine blogs, featuring one hundred forty-four recipes, met inclusion criteria. Among reviewed blogs, 33·9 % did not provide a disclaimer stating breast milk is the preferred option, 25·4 % recommended consulting a healthcare professional before using, and 76·3 % and 20·3 % either advertised or sold ingredients or recipe kits, respectively. Credentials of bloggers varied and only seven bloggers identified themselves as 'nutritionists'. The three most frequently mentioned recipe ingredients were whole raw cow's milk (24·3 %), raw goat's milk (23·6 %) and liver (14·5 %). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of this trend, discuss source of formula with parents, advocate for appropriate infant feeding practices and monitor for side effects.This study aims to adapt and validate the Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs Scale for older people (Échelle de Satisfaction des Besoins Psychologiques chez les personnes âgées, ESBP-PA). A total of 270 participants aged from 60 to 100 years old responded to the survey, which included the ESBP-PA and a psychological well-being scale. Exploratory factor analysis extracted the three-factor structure corresponding to the three basic psychological needs. Internal consistency estimated by Cronbach alpha and composite reliability was good for all three dimensions. With regard to convergent validity, correlation analysis indicated that the satisfaction of the three basic needs is significantly related to psychological well-being. The analysis of the scale's psychometric properties produced satisfying results. The scale is a promising instrument to assess the satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.