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After the exposure period, except for BP-4, the chemicals tested seemed to be detected by clams and provoked valve closure, decreasing filter-feeding in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, C. fluminea exposed to the highest concentrations of BP-3, BP-4 and BPA showed a significant increase in LP, CAT and GR activities with respect to their controls. BP-3 and BPA were the most toxic compounds showing significant differences in all the parameters analysed at the highest concentrations assayed. However, clams exposed to BPS showed only significant alterations in filtration parameters and in GR activity, in the two highest concentrations tested, indicating that this compound was the least toxic to clams. Obtained results highlight the importance of investigating the effects that emerging pollutants have on aquatic organisms.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health care systems worldwide. Severe presentations of COVID-19 such as severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been associated with the post-viral activation and release of cytokine/chemokines which leads to a "cytokine storm" causing inflammatory response and destruction, mainly affecting the lungs. COVID-19 activation of transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in various cells such as macrophages of lung, liver, kidney, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system leads to production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, LT-α, LT-β, GM-CSF, and various chemokines. The sensitised NF-κB in elderly and in patients with metabolic syndrome makes this set of population susceptible to COVID-19 and their worse complications, including higher mortality. HDAC inhibitor Immunomodulation at the level of NF-κB activation and inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB) degradation along with TNF-α inhibition will potentially result in a reduction in the cytokine storm and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway has a potential therapeutic role in alleviating the severe form of COVID-19.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), resulting from the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Vitamin D is a secosteroid, and its circulating levels are influenced by environment and genetics. In the last decades, research data on the association between MS and vitamin D status led to hypothesize a possible role for hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for MS. Some gene variants encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism, transport, and function, which are responsible for vitamin D status alterations, have been related to MS susceptibility. This review explores the current literature on the influence of vitamin D-related genes in MS susceptibility, reporting all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated to date in 12 vitamin D pathway genes. Among all, the gene codifying vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the most studied. The association between VDR SNPs and MS risk has been reported by many Authors, with a few studies producing opposite results. Other vitamin D-related genes (including DHCR7/NADSYN1, CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, Megalin-DAB2-Cubilin, FGF-23, and Klotho) have been less investigated and achieved more conflicting evidence. Taken together, findings from the studies reviewed cannot clarify whether and to what extent vitamin D-related gene variants can influence MS risk.The precipitation of sparingly soluble calcium phosphate in calcareous soils decreases the bioavailability of macronutrients, which makes their addition by way of fertilisers necessary. Sludge resulting from treating urban wastewater does not only provide significant amounts of phosphorus, but also helps lower the pH, thus increasing its bioavailability. The loss of part of soil nutrients due to irrigation or rain can contaminate groundwater. In order to assess the movement of phosphorus, a experiment was conducted on percolation columns, to which different doses of wastes were applied. The pH decreased by as much as 0.89 units, as well as the assimilable and soluble P, in intervals of 20 cm of depth, obtaining maximum values of 254 mg P kg-1 and 1455 μg P kg-1 respectively, and the P present in the leached water collected, which did not surpass 95 μg PL-1. The intent was to learn which was the majoritarian inorganic formed crystalline phase that immobilised the movement of phosphorus through the percolation column. The results obtained by the diffraction of X-rays are not conclusive, although they point to the formation of octacalcium phosphate. The diffractograms of the studied samples have similar diffraction lines to those of apatites.Purpose This article examines the impact on veteran employment of the U.S. government's pension benefit provisions for Union soldiers following the Civil War. Methods To do so, it draws on both Union army pension records and U.S. census returns as well as information derived from the Union army samples designed by the Center for Population Economics at the University of Chicago ("CPE") and census samples from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series ("IPUMS"). Results We find that, although twentieth-century Progressive reformers contended otherwise, these nineteenth-century Americans wanted what their twenty-first-century counterparts want-work at a meaningful occupation. Conclusions Our findings evidence the complex and contradictory impact on occupational rehabilitation and employment resulting from the public-private partnerships established for Union army veterans. These partnerships were based on substantially different notions of disability needs and rights than those underlying the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and its central accommodation principle.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a procoagulant state that can lead to fatal thromboembolic events. Several studies have documented a high prevalence of lupus anticoagulant that may at least partially explain the procoagulant profile of COVID-19. However, the association between lupus anticoagulant and thrombotic complications in COVID-19 is controversial and no study has specifically evaluated the impact of lupus anticoagulant on mortality. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between lupus anticoagulant and mortality in a large group of 192 consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Lupus anticoagulant was found in 95 patients (49.5%). No difference in the percentage of patients with lupus anticoagulant was observed between 130 survivors and 62 non-survivors (47.7 versus 53,2%; p = 0.4745). When the combined outcome of death or need for mechanical ventilation in survivors was taken into account, the difference in the prevalence of patients with lupus anticoagulant between the patients with the combined outcome (n = 76) and survivors who did not require mechanical ventilation (n = 116) was not significant (52.