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Therefore, it stands to reasons that climate change affects tuberculosis, particularly in highly vulnerable countries and areas. However, further studies and novel methodologies are required to address such a complex relationship and better understand the occurrence of tuberculosis attributable to climate change.

The optimal therapy for bleeding-related gastric varices is still a controversial topic. There is a paucity of literature that comprehensively summarizes the available literature regarding safety and efficacy of thrombin in bleeding gastric varices.

Four independent reviewers performed a comprehensive review of all original articles published from inception to October 2020, describing the use of thrombin for management of bleeding gastric varices. Primary outcomes were (1) pooled early and late rebleeding rate, (2) pooled gastric variceal related mortality rate, (3) pooled rescue therapy rate, and (4) pooled adverse event rate with the use of thrombin in bleeding gastric varices. The meta-analysis was performed and the statistics were two-tailed. Finally, probability of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and with Egger's test.

Eleven studies were included in the analysis after comprehensive search. This yielded a pooled early rebleeding rate of 9.3% (95% CI 4.9-17) and late rebleeding rateysis on the use of thrombin for bleeding gastric varices suggest low rates of rebleeding and minimal rates of adverse events. AT406 While, early and late rebleeding rate and rescue therapy rate are similar to cyanoacrylate-based therapy, the minimal rates of adverse events are perhaps the most important benefit of thrombin. Thus, the current data suggest that thrombin is a very promising therapeutic alternative with low risk of adverse events for bleeding gastric varices.

Tumours involving the supra-renal segment of IVC have dismal prognosis if left untreated. Currently, aggressive surgical management is the only potentially curative treatment but is associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate perioperative factors, associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, based on the perioperative characteristics and type of IVC reconstruction.

We identified 44 consecutive patients, who underwent supra-renal IVC resection with a mean age of 57.3years. Isolated resection of IVC was performed in four patients, concomitant liver resection was performed in 27 patients and other associated resection in 13 patients. Total vascular exclusion was applied in 21 patients, isolated IVC occlusion in 11 patients. Neither venovenous bypass (VVB) nor hypothermic perfusion was used in any of the cases.

The mean operative time was 205min (150-324min) and the mean estimated blood loss was 755ml (230-4500ml). Overall morbidity was 59% and major complications (Dindo-Clavien ≥ III) occurred in 11 patients (25%). The 90-day mortality was 11% (5pts). Intraoperative haemotransfusion was significantly associated with postoperative general complications (p < 0,001). With a mean follow-up of 26.2months, the actuarial 1-, 3- and 5-year survival is 69%, 34%, and 16%, respectively.

IVC resection and reconstruction in the aspect of aggressive surgical management of malignant disease confers a survival advantage in patients, often considered unresectable. When performed in experienced centres it is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

IVC resection and reconstruction in the aspect of aggressive surgical management of malignant disease confers a survival advantage in patients, often considered unresectable. When performed in experienced centres it is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality.The speed of the sorption reaction alters the bioavailability of herbicides in the soil and, consequently, the transport and transformation processes of the molecule in the environment. In this research, the sorption kinetics of sulfometuron-methyl was evaluated in different Brazilian soils in which sugarcane is grown. The sorption speed was carried out by the batch equilibrium method. The amount of sulfometuron-methyl adsorbed and remaining in the soil solution was used to build kinetic models in fifteen soils. Pearson's correlation coefficients were determined between maximum sorption capacity and soil properties. The pseudo-second-order model presented the best fit to report the sorption kinetics of sulfometuron-methyl in soils. The sorption equilibrium time varied between 69.1 and 524.7 min. The properties of cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil hydrogenionic potential (pH), and total organic carbon (TOC) affected the sorption kinetics of sulfometuron-methyl. The pH showed a negative correlation with the maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium, while TOC and CEC positively correlated with the maximum adsorption. The results demonstrate that the sorption speed of sulfometuron-methyl varies between soils; this must be considered when defining the rate of use of the herbicide for weed control, minimizing the risk of environmental contamination.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the laser-tissue effects of laser radiation emitted by a newly developed high frequency pulsed TmYAG laser in comparison to the continuous wave TmYAG laser and the pulsed HoYAG laser.

Ex-vivo experiments were performed on freshly slaughtered porcine kidneys in a physiological saline solution. Experiments were performed using two different laser devices in different settings A TmYAG laser was operated in a pulsed mode up to 300Hz and in a continuous wave (CW) mode. Results were compared with a 100W standard pulsed HoYAG laser system. Comparative tissue experiments were performed at 5W, 40W and 80W. The incision depth and the laser damage zone were measured under a microscope using a calibrated ocular scale.

Increased laser power resulted in increased incision depth and increased laser damage zone for all investigated lasers in this set-up. The HoYAG created the largest combined tissue effect at the 5W power setting and seems to be the least controllable laser at low power for soft tissue incisions. The CW TmYAG did not incise at all at 5W, but created the largest laser damage zone. For the new pulsed TmYAG laser the tissue effect grew evenly with increasing power.

Among the investigated laser systems in this setting the pulsed TmYAG laser shows the most controllable behavior, insofar as both the incision depth and the laser damage zone increase evenly with increasing laser power.

Among the investigated laser systems in this setting the pulsed TmYAG laser shows the most controllable behavior, insofar as both the incision depth and the laser damage zone increase evenly with increasing laser power.