Ernstphilipsen5071
In contrast, gene content of the aphid sex (X) chromosome remained unchanged despite rapid sequence evolution, low gene expression, and high transposable element load. To test whether rapid evolution of genome structure is a hallmark of Hemiptera, we compared our aphid assemblies with chromosome-scale assemblies of two blood-feeding Hemiptera (Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma rubrofasciata). Despite being more diverged, the blood-feeding hemipterans have conserved synteny. The exceptional rate of structural evolution of aphid autosomes renders them an important emerging model system for studying the role of large-scale genome rearrangements in evolution.
A growing number of high-school-aged athletes participate on club sport teams. Some, but not all, state concussion laws apply to both interscholastic and private sport organizations. However, concussion education, management plans, and knowledge have not been examined in club coaches who coach high school-aged athletes.
To determine if differences in concussion education, management plans, and knowledge exist between high school coaches and coaches of club sport teams.
Cross-sectional study.
Online survey.
A total of 769 coaches (497 high school coaches, 272 club coaches coaching high school-aged athletes; 266 women [34.6%], 503 men [65.4%]) completed an anonymous online questionnaire.
The questionnaire consisted of demographic and team information, requirements for concussion-education and -management plans, and concussion knowledge.
High school coaches were more likely than club coaches to report that their organizing bodies or leagues required them to receive concussion-education information rent organizations and scored lower on specific concussion-knowledge questions than high school coaches despite the same education requirements across groups under their state concussion laws. These results raise concerns regarding the proper management of concussions in club sports and suggest a need for greater oversight and enforcement of state laws in the club sport setting.
Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI) are a global public health threat. To reduce rCDI, microbiota-restoring therapies are needed, particularly standardized, easy-to-administer formulations.
This Phase I open-label trial assessed the safety, efficacy in preventing rCDI recurrence, and intestinal microbiome effects of RBX7455, a room temperature-stable, orally administered investigational live biotherapeutic. Adult participants with one or more prior episodes of rCDI received four RBX7455 capsules twice daily for four days (Group 1); four RBX7455 capsules twice daily for two days (Group 2); or two RBX7455 capsules twice daily for two days (Group 3). For all groups, the first dose was administered in clinic, with remaining doses self-administered at home. Adverse events were monitored during and for 6 months after treatment. Treatment success was defined as rCDI prevention through 8 weeks after treatment. Selleck Naphazoline Participants' microbiome composition was assessed prior to and for 6 months after treatment.
Nine of 10 Group 1 patients (90%), 8 of 10 Group 2 patients (80%), and 10 of 10 Group 3 patients (100%) were recurrence-free at the 8-week endpoint with durability to 6 months. Seventy-five treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in 27 participants with no serious investigational product-related events. Prior to treatment, participants' microbiomes were dissimilar from the RBX7455 composition with decreased Bacteroidia- and Clostridia-class bacteria, whereas after treatment, responders' microbiomes showed increased Bacteroidia and Clostridia.
Three dosing regimens of RBX7455 were safe and effective at preventing rCDI. Responders' microbiomes converged toward the composition of RBX7455. These results support its continued clinical evaluation.
NCT02981316.
NCT02981316.
Dengue is a global health problem, and the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine with durable protection is a high priority. A heterologous prime boost strategy has the advantage of eliciting immune responses through different mechanisms and therefore may be superior to homologous prime boost strategies for generating durable tetravalent immunity.
In this phase 1 first in human heterologous prime boost study, 80 volunteers were assigned to 4 groups and received a tetravalent dengue virus (DENV-1-4) purified inactivated vaccine (TDENV-PIV) with alum adjuvant and a tetravalent dengue virus (DENV-1-4) live attenuated vaccine (TDENV-LAV) in different orders and dosing schedules (28 or 180 days apart).
All vaccination regimens had acceptable safety profiles, and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. TDEN-PIV followed by TDEN-LAV induced higher neutralizing antibody titers and a higher rate of tetravalent seroconversions compared to TDEN-LAV followed by TDEN-PIV. Both TDEN-PIV followed by TDEN-LAV groups demonstrated 100% tetravalent seroconversion 28 days following the booster dose which was maintained for most of these subjects through the day 180 measurement.
A heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy for dengue merits additional evaluation for safety, immunogenicity, and potential for clinical benefit.(Trial Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02239614).
A heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy for dengue merits additional evaluation for safety, immunogenicity, and potential for clinical benefit.(Trial Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02239614).Seed microbiota acts as a starting point for the assembly of the plant microbiota and contributes to successful plant establishment. To date, the order and timing of microbial taxa immigration during seed development and maturation remained unknown. We investigated the temporal dynamics of seed bacterial communities in bean and radish. A high phylogenetic turnover was observed for both plant species with few taxa associated with all seed developmental stages. Greater heterogeneity in communities structure within each stage was observed for radish. While, about one-third of radish seed bacterial taxa were detected in buds, flowers and fruits, very few taxa seem to be transmitted by the floral route in bean. In the latter species, bacterial populations belonging to the P. fluorescens species complex were found either in buds, flowers and fruits or in seeds. The relative phylogenetic proximity of these bacterial populations combined with their habitat specificity led us to explore the genetic determinants involved in successful seed transmission in bean.
