Erlandsenalston0093

Results Median time between diagnosis and MR-enterography was 5 weeks (IQR 1-9) in 35 CD patients. Skeletal muscle signal intensity showed good intraclass correlation and substantial agreement (for intra- (ICC=0.948, κ=0.677) and inter-observer reproducibility (ICC=0.858, κ=0.622). Resection free survival was shorter in the low skeletal muscle signal intensity group (p=0.037). Conclusions Skeletal muscle signal intensity on routine MR-enterographies is reproducible and was associated with unfavorable disease outcome, indicating potential clinical relevance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The Arabidopsis MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade is monitored by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat immune receptor SUMM2. Disruption of this kinase cascade leads to activation of SUMM2-mediated immune responses. MEKK2, a close paralog of MEKK1, is required for defense responses mediated by SUMM2, the molecular mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we showed that MEKK2 serves as a negative regulator of MPK4. It binds to MPK4 to directly inhibit its phosphorylation by upstream MKKs. Activation of SUMM2-mediated defense responses induces the expression of MEKK2, which in turn blocks MPK4 phosphorylation to further amplify immune responses mediated by SUMM2. Intriguingly, MEKK2 locates in a tandem repeat consisting of MEKK1, MEKK2 and MEKK3, which was generated from a recent gene duplication event, suggesting that MEKK2 evolved from a MAPKKK to become a negative regulator of MAP kinases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM Neonatal jaundice is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and identifying the condition remains a challenge. This study evaluated a novel method of estimating bilirubin levels from colour-calibrated smartphone images. METHODS A cross-sectional prospective study was undertaken at two hospitals in Norway from February 2017 to March 2019, with standardised illumination at one hospital and non-standardised illumination at the other hospital. Healthy term-born infants with a normal birthweight were recruited up to 15 days of age. The main outcome measures were bilirubin estimates from digital images, plus total bilirubin in serum (TSB) and transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB). RESULTS Bilirubin estimates were performed for 302 newborn infants, and 76 had severe jaundice. The correlation between the smartphone estimates and TSB was measured by Pearson's r and was .84 for the whole sample. The correlation between the image estimates and TcB was 0.81. There were no significant differences between the hospitals. Sensitivity was 100%, and specificity was 69% for identifying severe jaundice of more than 250 µmol/L. CONCLUSION A smartphone-based tool that estimated bilirubin levels from digital images identified severe jaundice with high sensitivity and could provide a screening tool for neonatal jaundice. © 2020 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.BACKGROUND AND AIM Generally, colonoscopy is less effective for detecting colorectal adenomas in the right-sided colon compared with the distal colon. selleckchem Repeat forward-view (RF) examination of the right-sided colon has been suggested to increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR). However, studies investigating the efficacy of RF examination are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether RF examination in the right-sided colon enhances right-sided ADR. METHODS We performed a prospective, randomized controlled trial, including asymptomatic subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy. Subjects were randomized to the RF group, in which the right-sided colon was examined twice in the forward view, or to the standard forward-view (SF) group, in which the right-sided colon was examined once in the forward view. The primary outcome was the right-sided ADR on RF examination of the right-sided colon. RESULTS A total of 640 subjects completed the study protocol (RF group, n = 320; SF group, n = 320). The right-sided ADR in the RF group was significantly higher than that in the SF group (17.5% vs 11.9%, respectively; P = 0.044). In the RF group, an additional 31 adenomas were found, resulting in an increased detection rate of adenomas of 38.3% compared with the first forward view. The ADR of the whole colon was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In our prospective randomized controlled trial, RF examination of the right-sided colon, which can be easily performed in clinical practice, was associated with an increased rate of detection of right-sided ADR. © 2020 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.We report herein a photocatalytic strategy for a rapid and modular access to polycyclic indolones starting from readily available indoles. This strategy relies on the use of redox-active esters in combination with an iridium-based photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The generation of alkyl radicals through decarboxylative single electron reductions enables intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitutions with a pending indole moiety to afford pyrrolo- and pyridoindolone derivatives under mild conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these radicals could also be engaged into cascades consisting of an intermolecular Giese-type addition followed by an intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution to rapidly assemble valuable azepinoindolones. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Currently there is a race against time to identify prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against COVID-19. Until these treatments are developed, tested and mass produced, it might be prudent to look into existing therapies that could be effective against this virus. Based on the available evidence we believe that tetracyclines may be effective agents in the treatment of COVID-19. Tetracyclines (e.g. tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) are highly lipophilic antibiotics that are known to chelate zinc compounds on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)1 . Coronaviruses are also known to heavily rely on host MMPs for survival, cell infiltration, cell to cell adhesion, and replication, many of which have zinc as part of their MMP complex2,3 . It is possible that the zinc chelating properties of tetracyclines may also aid in inhibiting COVID-19 infection in humans limiting their ability to replicate within the host. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We have added the [ReIVX5]- (X = Br, Cl) synthon to a pocket-based ligand to provide supramolecular design using halogen···halogen interactions within an FeIII system that has the potential to undergo spin crossover (SCO). By removing the solvent from the crystal lattice, we 'switch on' halogen···halogen interactions between neighboring molecules, providing a supramolecular cooperative pathway for SCO. Furthermore, changes to the halogen-based interaction allow us to modify the temperature and nature of the SCO event. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.RATIONALE The nitrogen isotopic ratio of nitrate (δ15 N-NO3 - value) is a critical parameter to understand nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems. Current approaches to the determination of δ15 N-NO3 - values involve time-intensive handling procedures, use of toxic chemicals and complicated microbial incubation. METHODS A chemical reduction method for measuring the δ15 N-NO3 - values of aquatic samples was established. Nitrate was first quantitatively reduced to nitrite in a column filled with copper-coated cadmium granules, and the produced nitrite further reduced to nitrous oxide gas with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The nitrogen isotope ratio of the produced nitrous oxide was measured using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled with a purge and cryogenic trap system. RESULTS The optimized experimental conditions were solution acidity, H+ concentration is 0.46 M, pH = 0.34; dosage of hydroxylamine, molar ratio of NH2 OH to NO2 - is 4; reaction temperature, 45 °C; and reaction time, 14-16 h. No salt effect was found in this method. The reproducibility of the δ15 N-NO3 - value for the laboratory standard was better than 0.3‰ for long-term measurements (20 nmol NO3 - requirement). CONCLUSIONS This method provides a reliable approach in the determination of δ15 N-NO3 - values at natural abundance. It provides (1) high measurement accuracy, (2) ease of operation, (3) environmental-friendly procedure (less toxic regents used), and (4) suitability for both fresh and saline water samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We previously demonstrated that quercetin transiently preserved respiratory function in dystrophin-deficient mice. To gain lasting therapeutic benefits we tested quercetin in combination with nicotinamide riboside, lisinopril, and prednisolone in the D2-mdx model. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that these quercetin-based cocktails did not preserve respiratory or diaphragm function nor reduce histological damage following 7 months of treatment starting at 4 months of age. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by the absence of dystrophin protein and causes muscle weakness and muscle injury culminating in respiratory failure and cardiomyopathy. Quercetin transiently improved respiratory function but failed to maintain long-term therapeutic benefits in mdx mice. In this study we combined quercetin with nicotinamide riboside (NR), lisinopril, and prednisolone to assess the efficacy of quercetin-based cockt were not offset by any intervention. These data suggest that quercetin, NR and lisinopril independently and in combination did not prevent diaphragm injury nor preserve respiratory function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Current coronavirus pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus outbreak during the current century after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses.1 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an immunopathologic event and main cause of death following COVID-19. The main mechanism of ARDS is uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and cytokine storm following release of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interferons (IFN), interleukines (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and chemokines.2-3 So, some Chinese researchers proposed or used anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment regimen of patients with COVID-19.3-4. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND & AIM Several studies observed alterations in the gut microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, analyzed patient populations and methods strongly differ among these studies. The aim of this study was to prove the reproducibility of published results and to provide a detailed overview of all findings in our NAFLD cohort using next generation sequencing methods. METHODS The individual taxonomic microbiota composition of fecal samples from 90 NAFLD patients and 21 healthy controls was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Study participants were grouped according to their disease stage and compared regarding their gut microbiota composition. Studies were identified from PubMed listed publications and the results were compared to the findings in our cohort. RESULTS Results from 13 identified studies were compared to our data. A decreased abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae as well as an increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Veillonellaceae and Dorea were the most frequently reported changes among NAFLD patients in 4/13, 5/13, 4/13, 2/13, 3/13 studies, respectively.