Enevoldsenupton2012
Other strategies are offered for timely and appropriate diagnoses and treatment for mental health disorders that may impact the quality of life of a student for a lifetime.
Increased state and county funding to support mental health practitioners in public high schools is one suggestion to address mental health disorders in students. Other strategies are offered for timely and appropriate diagnoses and treatment for mental health disorders that may impact the quality of life of a student for a lifetime.
To develop and test the psychometric properties of an instrument assessing career success in nurses.
Despite the importance of achieving success in nursing, to date, this construct has been measured using unidimensional or generic scales not fully reflecting career success as perceived by nurses.
This scale development study used a large sample of nurses across 10 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Items were generated based on existing literature and previous, research team-led, qualitative study, followed by testing content and face validity of the items. Exploratory factor analysis (N=530 nurses) then assessed the underlying structure of the scale, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and a 2-week test-retest correlation.
From the initial 73 items, fourteen rated by experts as 'not relevant' and seven with poor face validity were deleted. Exploratory factor analysis further identified 13 poor items. The final 39-item solution extracted four robust career success factors expected career progresfic to nursing in a clinical setting.
Many Western countries face a shortage of African blood donors, while their specific blood groups are needed to transfuse chronic transfusion patients of similar ethnic background. Blood donation awareness and attitudes greatly impact the decision to become a blood donor, but how they are related and differ across ethnic groups is understudied. This study investigated blood donation awareness and attitudes of individuals of Dutch and African descent in the Netherlands.
Survey data of 257 African and 152 Dutch non-donors measuring donation awareness (i.e. being familiar with the Dutch blood bank organization and knowing others who donated blood), cognitive (evaluative judgements) and affective (emotional reactions) attitudes were included. t-Tests, chi-square tests, linear and logistic regressions were conducted to study differences and associations between donation awareness and attitudes.
African individuals were less often aware of the Dutch blood bank organization (43%; p<0·05) or others who donated blood (51%; p<0·05) than Dutch individuals (55% and 68%, respectively). African individuals had lower cognitive donation attitudes compared with Dutch individuals (p<0·001), but no differences were found for affective attitudes (p=0·55). High donation awareness was associated with higher cognitive (p<0·001) and affective (p<0·05) donation attitudes among African minorities, but not among Dutch individuals.
The lower donation awareness and cognitive attitudes of African minorities should be taken into consideration in donor recruitment. Raising awareness through effective communication strategies might be essential in the donor decision making process of this target group.
The lower donation awareness and cognitive attitudes of African minorities should be taken into consideration in donor recruitment. Raising awareness through effective communication strategies might be essential in the donor decision making process of this target group.Proline is a versatile plant metabolite, which is produced in large amounts in plants exposed to osmotic and oxidative stress. Proline has been shown to provide protection against various reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. On the other hand, its protective effect against singlet oxygen has been debated, and it is considered ineffective against superoxide. Here we used various methods for the detection of singlet oxygen (electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, spin trapping by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, fluorescence probing by singlet oxygen sensor green, SOSG, and oxygen uptake due to chemical trapping) and superoxide (oxygen uptake due to oxygen reduction) in vitro and in isolated thylakoids. We demonstrated that proline does quench both singlet oxygen and superoxide in vitro. By comparing the effects of chemical scavengers and physical quenchers, we concluded that proline eliminates singlet oxygen via a physical mechanism, with a bimolecular quenching rate of ca. 1.5-4 106 M-1 s-1 . Our data also show that proline can eliminate superoxide in vitro in a process that is likely to proceed via an electron transfer reaction. We could also show that proline does quench both singlet oxygen and superoxide produced in isolated thylakoids. The scavenging efficiency of proline is relatively small on a molar basis, but considering its presence in high amounts in plant cells under stress conditions it may provide a physiologically relevant contribution to ROS scavenging, supplementing other nonenzymatic ROS scavengers of plant cells.
To demonstrate that high color fidelity light-emitting diode (LED) sources are preferred by dermatologists for the evaluation of patients during standard-of-care, outpatient visits when compared to low color fidelity LED sources similar to fluorescent lighting.
Three different LED sources were installed in exam rooms at a single, academic, medical institution (low color fidelity [82 color rendering index (CRI)] similar to fluorescent lighting, and high color fidelity [97 CRI and 96+red CRI]). A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in three parts. Naturalness (i.e. ability to reproduce natural, daylight conditions), effectiveness, color contrast, comfort, and overall performance of each LED source were rated on a 5-point scale from 0 to 4 with 0 being the worse, and 4 being the best. The first part included a survey of board-certified dermatologists (n = 3) assessing their visual experience while clinically evaluating a subset of patients during standard-of-care outpatient visits. The second survey wortable, and providing superior color contrast than low color sources. Patients also favor high color fidelity LED sources as being the most comfortable in the clinic room. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Dermatologists, dermatologists-in-training and mid-level providers significantly prefer high color fidelity LED sources for outpatient evaluation of dermatologist patients in enclosed spaces, rating them the more natural, effective, comfortable, and providing superior color contrast than low color sources. Patients also favor high color fidelity LED sources as being the most comfortable in the clinic room. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.The majority of the global population of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients resides in Africa. Individuals with this condition are at great risk of serious infections and early mortality secondary to splenic dysfunction without preventative measures. This review investigated the spectrum of splenic complications encountered in SCD among populations in Africa. We systematically searched several databases for all articles published through March 3, 2020. We included 55 studies from 14 African countries. This review reveals the difference in frequency of splenic complications in SCD in Africa when compared with their counterparts in the United State and Europe. While several studies (n = 45) described splenomegaly with a prevalence of 12% to 73% among children, and 4% to 50% among adults with HbSS, the reported prevalence for acute splenic sequestration crisis (n = 6 studies) and hypersplenism (n = 4 studies) was less then 10% and less then 5% respectively. find more A total of 30 surgical splenectomy was reported across eight studies. Only two (3.7%) studies provided data on spleen function. A conflicting pattern was observed amongst studies that evaluated the relationship between splenomegaly and the presence of bacterial and malaria infections. This review reveals the paucity of studies describing the role of SCD-induced splenic dysfunction in morbidity and infection related mortality in Africa.Desiccation tolerant (DT) plants engage and disengage sustained forms of energy dissipation in response to desiccation and rehydration. This project sought to characterize the role of zeaxanthin and thylakoid protein phosphorylation status in sustained energy dissipation during desiccation in bryophytes with varying DT. Tolerant (Polytrichum piliferum, Dicranum species, Calliergon stramineum) and sensitive (Grimmia species, Schistidium rivulare, Sphagnum species) moss were desiccated in darkness or natural light conditions for up to three weeks. Desiccation caused pronounced reductions in Fv /Fm in all cases which was enhanced by light exposure during desiccation. Desiccation in darkness resulted in no accumulation of Z in any species, however, in natural light conditions there was significant accumulation of Z in tolerant but not sensitive species. Desiccation in natural light, relative to darkness, resulted in more pronounced reductions in Fo in tolerant but not sensitive species. Recovery of Fv /Fm upon rehydration occurred in two phases, a rapid phase (minutes) and a slower phase (hours). Increased time of desiccation, and light exposure, resulted in a reduction in the rapid phase. Desiccation in light conditions resulted in some accumulation of the phosphorylated form of the major light harvesting trimer (LHCII). Data are consistent with two mechanisms of sustained quenching, neither of which requires Z. However, when desiccation occurs in natural light conditions, accumulation of Z likely contributes to one or both of the sustained forms of dissipation. Increases in LHCII phosphorylation during desiccation are consistent with increased connectivity between the photosystems. The absence of Z formation in sensitive species may contribute to their lack of desiccation tolerance.Successful navigation of the HIV care continuum is necessary to maintain viral suppression. We explored gender-stratified correlates of being virally unsuppressed in the Prevention for Positives (P4P) component of HPTN 065. The outcome of interest was unsuppressed viral load (> 40 copies/mL) among individuals already living with HIV. Correlates included medication adherence factors, social support and stigma. Logistic regression models were stratified by gender (N = 673). Men-specific correlates of being virally unsuppressed included opposite-sex partners, older age and HIV disclosure stigma. Women-specific correlates included time since diagnosis, and personal-level barriers to medication adherence. When more individuals knew about their HIV status, women had over twice the likelihood of being virally unsuppressed; no such association was seen among men. Additionally, higher levels of social support were not associated with viral suppression among women. Interventions should consider gender-specific approaches to engaging social support in de-stigmatization of HIV and promotion of medication adherence and subsequent viral suppression.JAKs are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases consisting of four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. They are key components of the JAK-STAT pathway that transmit signals of many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of numerous immune-mediated diseases and have been major molecular targets in developing new drugs for the treatment of such diseases. Some small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs have been approved by the FDA for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Now, newer JAK inhibitors with isoform-selectivity among the four different JAKs are being developed, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes compared with earlier developed drugs with pan-JAK inhibition. Most of these selective inhibitors target the kinase domains of JAKs, functioning through the traditional inhibition mode of kinases; but recently those that target their pseudokinase domains, allosterically inhibiting the enzymes, have been under development. In this review, key characteristics, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved and representative drugs in late stages of development are briefly described in order to provide clinical implications with respect to JAK inhibitor selectivity and future development perspectives.
