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Proteins Kinase 3rd r within Bacterial Infections: Buddy or even Enemy?

Staphylococcus aureus α-Toxin Induces Acid solution Sphingomyelinase Discharge From the Man Endothelial Mobile Series.

Further confirmation and investigation of Nepali common-sense hypertension models in a sample size sufficient for factor analysis is warranted for effective adherence interventions.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is carried out under moderate sedation mostly by use of propofol, opioids and benzodizepines. The aim of study is to assess difficulty in cannulation of ampulla of vater with the use of fentanyl.

A prospective randomized double blind comparative study was conducted at Bharatpur Hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 among patients undergoing Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Total 100 patients were enrolled in study and were divided in two groups - Group P (propofol and midazolam) and Group FP (propofol, midazolam and fentanyl). Ease of cannulation was determined using Freeman scale. Independent sample t-test was used to compare mean between two groups and Chi Square test was used to compare categorical variables.

Mean age (51.36±17.750 years versus 56.74±16.995 years), weight (58.88±8.151 kg versus 57.32±8.431 kg) and gender distribution (14 versus 12 male patients and 36 versus 38 female patients) were comparable in both groups-Group P andalone and can be routinely used during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

This study assessed the lower limb reconstruction outcome so that it will provide a baseline evidence to enable data-driven decision making to improve outcome in the future.

In this study, hospital records from 1st January to 31st December 2019 were collected retrospectively. Complete data of all patients' records treated for lower limb defects at Kirtipur Hospital were included and incomplete data were excluded. Univariate and Bivariate analyses were performed Results In total 110 patients were included in this study with a male predominance of 66.4% (n=73). read more The mean age of the patients was 38.7 years (+/- 20). The majority of the patients were from outside Kathmandu valley 79.1% (n=87) and referred 55.5% (n=61). link2 The commonest cause of lower limb defects was trauma 69.1% (n=76), the procedure performed was skin graft 48.5% (n=72), and complication was wound infections, 43% (n=13) of total complications. The hospital stay of more than two weeks was more common among the referred patients 63.9% (n=39) as compared to non-referred patients 30.6% (n=15) and trauma etiology 34.2% (n=26) had more complications than other etiology. The mean age of patients with complications (32.4 years) was lower than those without complications (41.1 years). More number of referred patients (n=43) required multiple surgeries than non-referred patients (n=21).

Referred cases were more likely to have multiple surgeries and a longer hospital stay than non-referred cases. Infection was the commonest complication and the majority of complications were seen in trauma and younger age group.

Referred cases were more likely to have multiple surgeries and a longer hospital stay than non-referred cases. Infection was the commonest complication and the majority of complications were seen in trauma and younger age group.

Despite various supply-side efforts, out of pocket expenditure occupies a considerable portion of healthcare financing in Nepal. With the recent process of federalization in country, there is additional scope for contextualized planning at provincial level to prevent catastrophic health expenditure among Nepalese households. read more read more In this context, this study intends to estimate the proportion of population facing catastrophic health expenditure at national and provincial level and identify the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure.

This study involved analysis of Nepal Living Standard Survey III, which was a cross sectional study. Out of 5,988 households comprising 28,460 individuals, data from total of 7,911 individuals who reported having acute or chronic illness was extracted and analyzed in the study.

In the study, 11.11% of households had faced catastrophic health expenditure. link2 Catastrophic health expenditure was found to be 11.3% in Province 1, 9.4% in Province 2, 10.7% in Bagmati Province, 10% in Gandaki Province, 11.7% in Lumbini Province, 13.3% in Karnali Province and 13.4% in Sudurpaschim Province. Household size, literacy status of household head, consumption quintile, urban or rural residence, type of illness and type of health facility visited were identified as determinants of catastrophic health expenditure.

A tenth of households, most of whom lying below poverty line, residing in rural areas, suffering from chronic illness are facing catastrophic healthcare burden. The government needs to pursue its equity-oriented strategies preventing catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment associated with it.

A tenth of households, most of whom lying below poverty line, residing in rural areas, suffering from chronic illness are facing catastrophic healthcare burden. The government needs to pursue its equity-oriented strategies preventing catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment associated with it.

Staphylococci are posing threat due to increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance particularly methicillin. Macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B (MLSB) family of antibiotics is commonly used to treat such infections. link3 This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and observation of erm and msr genes among Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal during July 2017 to March 2018.

Staphylococci from different clinical specimens were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile was assessed following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc diffusion or D-zone test as outlined in CLSI document M100-S24 was performed to examine inducible clindamycin resistant isolates. Multiplex PCR was performed for detection of erm and msr gene in isolates using specific primers for ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and msrB genes.

Of the 60 Staphylococci isolates, 39 (65%) were S. aureus and 21 (35%) were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) with 25 (64%) and 15 (71%) representing methicillin resistant S. aureus and CNS respectively. Constitutive and inducible MLSB phenotype was observed among 24 (40%) and 14 (23%) isolates respectively by D test. The most prevalent resistant gene was ermC (37%) followed by msrB (12%), ermB (10%) and msrA (10%). None of the isolates were found to possess ermA gene.

The presence of constitutive and inducible MLSB as well as resistant genes among Staphylococci necessitates detection of such isolates to minimize treatment failure. The result from this study may help elucidate the predominant resistant characteristics in clinical Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.

The presence of constitutive and inducible MLSB as well as resistant genes among Staphylococci necessitates detection of such isolates to minimize treatment failure. The result from this study may help elucidate the predominant resistant characteristics in clinical Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.

Topical corticosteroids are one of the most commonly used drugs in dermatology. Their improper use lead to serious adverse effects. link3 However, it's commonly misused by patients and chemists in Nepal. The main objective of the study was to determine the pattern of misuse of topical corticosteroids, its adverse effects, and factors associated with its misuse.

This was a hospital-based, descriptive study conducted in a tertiary center of Nepal for three months. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used. Ethical approval was taken prior to study. Informed consent was taken from patients and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.

Two hundred sixteen patients comprised the study population where males (54.5%) outnumbered females. The mean age was 28.72 years with 21-30 years as the most frequent range. Beclomethasone dipropionate (27.3 %) and clobetasol propionate (26.9%) were the most commonly misused drugs. The most common purposes for the application of these drugs were fungal infections (66%), pigmentary disorders (15%), such as fairness cream, acne, etc. Over-the-counter sale of topical corticosteroids (62%) was significantly higher than other forms of prescription. Aggravation of fungal infections (61.6%), acneiform erruptions, striae, and steroid induced dermatoses were common adverse effects.

Topical corticosteroids are common misused drug with high over the counter sales. It is advised that drug authority should take necessary actions for its unethical use. link2 Besides, awareness programs should be conducted for its rational use in public.

Topical corticosteroids are common misused drug with high over the counter sales. It is advised that drug authority should take necessary actions for its unethical use. Besides, awareness programs should be conducted for its rational use in public.

Laparoscopic approach for early gall bladder cancer (T1b and T2) has been seen to have equal or better early outcomes and late outcomes in terms of overall survival rate and recurrence rate.

This is a prospective cross sectional observational study performed including all consecutive patients who were diagnosed with gall bladder cancer by a single surgical team from August 2018 to February 2020 at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital or referred from outside for completion extended cholecystectomy where laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done in some other centre.

The mean age of the patients was 51.01±9.42 years in the laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy (N=10) group and 49.6±8.35 years in the open extended cholecystectomy (N=10) group (p value=0.711). Conversion rate was 20% in laparoscopic group. The operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group (287 +/-66.50 minutes, 120.0 to 446 minutes vs. 200+/-66.50 minutes, 100 to 405.0 minutes; p< 0.004.However, the laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy group showed faster time to oral intake and time to first passage of flatus and had shorter hospital stay by 2.2 days (4.8+/-0.78 days) than open approach 7+/-0.81 days.(p value=0.00).There were no significant differences between the groups in the tumour size (p=0.079) and number of harvested lymph nodes 9.3 (5 to 13) in laparoscopic group vs. 11.2 (8 to 15) in open extended cholecystectomy group (p=0.250).

Laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy is feasible in early gall bladder cancer along with achievement of oncological safety.

Laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy is feasible in early gall bladder cancer along with achievement of oncological safety.

Knowledge of normal renal volume is a vital parameter for clinical assessment of renal diseases because renal size is altered by various medical conditions. link3 Variations in renal dimension in different populations and it's relation to individual's body parameters are evident. Different studies have recommended the need for measurement of renal dimension for specific population. This study assesses normal range of renal volume in the study population and measures their correlation with individual's body parameters.

This descriptive study was done in 261 adults. After renal length measurement on reformatted coronal images, renal width and renal thickness on axil images, renal volume was calculated by ellipsoidal formula. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used to evaluate the association between renal volume and different parameters.

This study showed a significant difference in mean renal volume between male (right and left mean renal volume 120.52 ± 26.84 cm3 and 121.00 ± 27.23 cm3 respectively) and female (right and left mean renal volume 110.