Ellegaardvaldez4732
None of the molecular imaging modalities can produce imaging with both anatomical and functional information. In recent years, to overcome these limitations multimodality molecular imaging or combination of two imaging modalities can provide anatomical and pathological information.
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and then were coated with silica according to Stober method. Consequently, silica-coated nanoparticles were amino-functionalized. Finally, gold nanoparticles assembled onto the surfaces of the previous product. Cytotoxicity effects of prepared Fe
O
@Au nanoparticles were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Their ability as a dual-mode contrast agent was investigated by magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Fe
O
@Au nanoparticles were spherical undersize of 75 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of Fe
O
@Au nanoparticles. The magnetometry result confirmed the superparamagnetism property of prepared nanoparticles, and the saturation magnetization (M
) was found to be 33 emu/g. Fe
O
@Au nanoparticles showed good cytocompatibility up to 60 μg/mL. The results showed that the Fe
O
@Au nanoparticles have good r
relaxivity (135.26 mM
s
) and good X-ray attenuation property.
These findings represent that prepared Fe
O
@Au nanoparticles in an easy and relatively low-cost manner have promising potential as a novel contrast agent for dual-modality of MR/CT imaging.
These findings represent that prepared Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles in an easy and relatively low-cost manner have promising potential as a novel contrast agent for dual-modality of MR/CT imaging.
The aim of this study was to compare the image quality and radiation doses in various digital radiography systems using contrast-detail radiography (CDRAD) phantom.
The image quality and radiation dose for seven different digital radiography systems were compared using the CDRAD phantom. Incident air kerma (IAK) values were measured for certain exposure settings in all digital radiography systems. The images from the CDRAD phantom were evaluated by three observers. The results were displayed in the form of a contrast-detail (CD) curve. Selleck TGFbeta inhibitor In addition, the inverse image quality figure (IQFinv)-to-IAK ratios were used for quantitative comparison of different digital radiography system performance.
Results of this study showed that the CD curves cannot be suitable criterion for determining the performance of digital radiography systems. For this reason, IQFinv-to-radiation dose (IAK) ratios in a fixed radiation condition were used. The highest performance in terms of producing high-quality images and low radiation dose was related to X-ray unit 1 and the lowest performance was for X-ray unit 5.
The ratio of IQFinv to IAK for performance evaluation of digital radiography systems is an innovation of this study. A digital radiography system with a higher IQFinv-to-IAK ratio is associated with lower patient dose and better image quality. Therefore, it is recommended to equip the new imaging centers with the systems that have higher IQFinv-to-IAK ratios.
The ratio of IQFinv to IAK for performance evaluation of digital radiography systems is an innovation of this study. A digital radiography system with a higher IQFinv-to-IAK ratio is associated with lower patient dose and better image quality. Therefore, it is recommended to equip the new imaging centers with the systems that have higher IQFinv-to-IAK ratios.
As people get older, muscles become more synchronized and cooperate to accomplish an activity, so the main purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between changes in age and the amount of muscle synergy. The presence of muscle synergies has been long considered in the movement control as a mechanism for reducing the degree of freedom of the motor system.
By combining these synergies, a wide range of complex movements can be produced. Muscle synergies are often extracted from the electromyogram (EMG) signal. One of the most common methods for extracting synergies is the nonnegative matrix factorization. In this research, the EMG signal is obtained from individuals from different age groups (namely 15-20 years, 25-30 years, and 35-40 years), and after preprocessing, the muscular synergies are extracted. By processing and studying these synergies.
It was observed that there is a significant difference between the muscular synergy of different age groups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean value of synergy coefficients in each group, especially in motions that were accompanied by force.
This result candidates this parameter as a biomarker to differentiate and recognize the effects of age on the individual's muscular signal. In the best case, using the synergy tool, classification of the age of persons can be done by 77%.
This result candidates this parameter as a biomarker to differentiate and recognize the effects of age on the individual's muscular signal. In the best case, using the synergy tool, classification of the age of persons can be done by 77%.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that affects public health. The prediction of blood glucose concentration (BGC) is essential to improve the therapy of type 1 DM (T1DM).
Having considered the risk of hyper- and hypo-glycemia, we provide a new hybrid modeling approach for BGC prediction based on a dynamic wavelet neural network (WNN) model, including a heuristic input selection. The proposed models include a hybrid dynamic WNN (HDWNN) and a hybrid dynamic fuzzy WNN (HDFWNN). These wavelet-based networks are designed based on dominant wavelets selected by the genetic algorithm-orthogonal least square method. Furthermore, the HDFWNN model structure is improved using fuzzy rule induction, an important innovation in the fuzzy wavelet modeling. The proposed networks are tested on real data from 12 T1DM patients and also simulated data from 33 virtual patients with an UVa/ Padova simulator, an approved simulator by the US Food and Drug Administration.
A comparison study is performed in terms of new glucose-based assessment metrics, such as gFIT, glucose-weighted form of ESOD
(gESOD
), and glucose-weighted R
(gR
).
