Elgaardthorsen8051

We consider the impact of electron-electron interactions on the temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect in disordered conductors. The microscopic analysis is carried out within the diagrammatic approach of the linear response Kubo-Streda formula with an account of both extrinsic skew-scattering and side-jump mechanisms of the anomalous Hall effect arising in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. We demonstrate the importance of electron interactions in the Cooper channel even for nominally non-superconducting materials and find that the corresponding low-temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall conductivity is asymptotically of the form sqrt[T]/ln(T_0/T) in three dimensions and ln[ln(T_0/T)] in two dimensions, where the scale of T_0 is parametrically of the order of Fermi energy. These results, in particular, may provide a possible explanation for the recently observed unconventional temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect in HgCr_2Se_4.Macroscopic coherence of Bose condensates is a fundamental and practical phenomenon in many-body systems, such as the long-range correlation of exciton-polariton condensates with a dipole density typically below the exciton Mott-transition limit. Here we extend the macroscopic coherence of electron-hole-photon interacting systems to a new region in the phase diagram-the high-density plasma region, where long-range correlation is generally assumed to be broken due to the rapid dephasing. Nonetheless, a cooperative state of electron-hole plasma does emerge through the sharing of the superfluorescence field in an optical microcavity. In addition to the in situ coherence of e-h plasma, a long-range correlation is formed between two 8-μm-spaced plasma ensembles even at room temperature. Quantized and self-modulated correlation modes are generated for e-h ensembles in the plasma region. By controlling the distance between the two ensembles, multiple coupling regimes are revealed, from strong correlation to perturbative phase correlation and finally to an incoherent classical case, which has potential implications for tunable and high-temperature-compatible quantum devices.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is widely used for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging applications. However, reproducible and controllable fabrication of SERS tags with high density of electromagnetic hot-spots is still challenging. We report an improved strategy for the synthesis of core/shell Raman tags with high density of hot-spots and high immobilization of reporter molecules. The strategy is based on simultaneous growth and functionalization of an Au shell around Au nanospheres coated with 4-nitrobenzenethiol (NBT). The amount of added 4-NBT is key factor to control the structure SERS response of the resulting particles. Specifically, we demonstrate the formation of gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) with a smooth solid shell (sGERTs), petal-like GERTs (pGERTs), and mesoporous Au particles (mGERTs) filled with Raman molecules. In contrast to NBT molecules, similar thiols such as 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) and 2-naphtalenethiol (NT) do not support the formation of pGERTs and mGERTs. To explain this finding, we proposed a growth mechanism based on the unique chemical structure of NBT. The SERS response of optimized pGERTs is 50 times higher than that from usual sGERTs, which makes pGERTs suitable for single-particle spectroscopy. We demonstrate successful application of pGERTs for high-speed cell imaging using 10 ms accumulation time per pixel and a total imaging time of about 1 min. Because of the high SERS response and unique porous structure, these nanoparticles have great potential for bioimaging and other applications.Neuronal development is a complex multistep process that shapes neurons by progressing though several typical stages, including axon outgrowth, dendrite formation, and synaptogenesis. Knowledge of the mechanisms of neuronal development is mostly derived from the study of animal models. Advances in stem cell technology now enable us to generate neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here we provide a mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic signature of human iPSC-derived neurons, i.e., iPSC-derived induced glutamatergic neurons and iPSC-derived motor neurons, throughout neuronal differentiation. Oxaliplatin concentration Tandem mass tag 10-plex labeling was carried out to perform proteomic profiling of cells at different time points. Our analysis reveals significant expression changes (FDR less then 0.001) of several key proteins during the differentiation process, e.g., proteins involved in the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Overall, our data provide a rich resource of information on protein expression during human iPSC neuron differentiation.The interfacial adhesion between silicon oxide surfaces is normally believed to be governed by the surface chemistry of the topmost surface affecting the water contact angle and hydrogen bonding interactions. In the case of a silicon wafer, the physical structure of the native oxide at the surface can vary drastically depending on the aging process; thus, not only the surface chemistry but also the history of surface treatment can also have a profound impact on nanoasperity adhesion. This study reports the effect of aging conditions (ambient air, liquid water, and liquid ethanol) on the nanoasperity adhesion behaviors of a silicon surface. When the silicon surface is kept in liquid alcohol, the surface remains hydrophobic, and adhesion in ambient air can be explained with the capillary effect of the liquid meniscus condensed around the annulus of the nanoasperity contact. When the silicon surface is oxidized in ambient air, the surface gradually becomes hydrophilic, and the strongly hydrogen-bonded water network of adsorbed water plays a dominant role in the nanoasperity interfacial adhesion force. When the silicon surface is aged in liquid water, the interfacial adhesion force measured in ambient air is significantly larger than the value predicted from the theoretical model based on the water contact angle and the hydrogen bonding interaction at the topmost surface. This is because the surface layer oxidized in liquid water is gel-like and thus can swell upon uptake of water from the humid air. To fully encompass all these behaviors, a solid-adsorbate-solid model predicting the adhesion force is developed by introducing a fitting parameter β, which can be adjusted depending on the adsorbed water structure and the swelling capacity of the oxidized surface layer.