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We have recently proposed a new approach to evaluate 2D femoral neck (FN) structure, named the Minimal Model (MM), that comprised FN areal bone mineral density (FNaBMD) and FNWidth and 2 new internal structural measures; (1) the standard deviation of normalized mineral mass projection profile distribution (FNSigma), and (2) the displacement between center-of-mineral mass and geometric center of mineral mass projection profile (FNDelta). The contralateral hip of 67 FN fracture Chinese male patients had a QCT scan shortly after fracture and was compared to 156 community participants without hip fracture. The QCT scans were analyzed using Mindways software to enable DXA-equivalent 2D images to be obtained; MM variables were calculated from these images. In FN fracture and nonfracture participants, the 4 MM variables as well as age, weight and height were compared. Compared to nonfracture, fracture participants were older, weighed less and were taller. After adjustment for these differences FN fracture participandely available DXA technology.

Adults with sarcopenia have a greater risk of postoperative complications, a higher rate of ICU admission, and an increased length of hospital stay. Few studies have explored the prevalence or importance of sarcopenia in the pediatric population. This study reviews the published literature on sarcopenia in the pediatric population, including pediatric surgery.

Original studies related to sarcopenia in children were identified using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and the PubMed database.

A total of 390 articles were screened, with 28 meeting inclusion criteria. (S)Glutamicacid Twenty (71%) studies provided a means to define abnormal and 18 studies (64%) showed that a specific disease process could impact lean muscle mass in children. Only 4 (14%) studies associated the change in muscle mass with an outcome. Two studies investigated sarcopenia and outcomes in the pediatric surgical patient and demonstrated associations with worse outcomes.

Despite studies showing an association between sarcopenia and negative outcomes in the adult surgical population, there remains a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of sarcopenia on the pediatric population. Future studies are needed to ascertain the relationship between muscle mass and outcomes in pediatric surgical patients.

Despite studies showing an association between sarcopenia and negative outcomes in the adult surgical population, there remains a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of sarcopenia on the pediatric population. Future studies are needed to ascertain the relationship between muscle mass and outcomes in pediatric surgical patients.

Children living with parents who have childhood maltreatment histories tend to develop compromised behavioral health outcomes, suggesting the intergenerational effects of child maltreatment.

Driven by attachment theory, this study aims to identify the pathways from parents' childhood maltreatment to their child's behavioral problems and functioning.

The sample of parent participants (N = 202) was recruited from an online data collection platform - Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Structural equation modeling with the estimator of maximum likelihood was used to examine the intergenerational effects of child maltreatment.

This study identified two important mediators, i.e., parents' emotion regulation and parental mentalization. Parental childhood maltreatment had a positive association with parents' difficulties in emotion regulation (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), which in turn was positively associated with parental prementalizing mode (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). Parental prementalizing mode was then positively asshibitive social expenditures of mental health services, and to promote social justice.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide over the last year causing more than one million deaths. Several treatments have tried to modify the natural history of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but only corticosteroids have demonstrated to be effective in moderate or severe affectation. In that situation, the development of vaccines for preventing the SARS-CoV-2 infection has focused the attention of the scientific community. At present, available messenger RNA-based technology vaccines have received the approval of local and international sanitary authorities. In this position statement, the Spanish Society of Nephrology wants to state that patients with chronic kidney disease and healthcare workers are at high-risk for contagion and complications of COVID-19 so they must have priority in the vaccine administration.

The dogma of early inguinal hernia repair in infants, especially those born prematurely, has dominated clinical practice owing to reports of a high frequency of incarceration and significant complications associated with untreated inguinal hernias. We aim to evaluate the frequency of complications after discharge with delayed surgery for inguinal hernia repair.

The Nationwide Readmissions Database (2010-2014) was queried to identify infants diagnosed with inguinal hernia. We compared the frequency and characteristics of inguinal hernia repair performed during the index admission, discharge from the index admission without hernia repair, and unplanned readmissions.

We identified 33,530 infants (16,624 preterm and 16,906 full-term) diagnosed with an inguinal hernia during an index admission. For those infants diagnosed with an inguinal hernia at birth, inguinal hernia repair was performed during the birth admission for only a minority of both preterm (35%) and full-term infants (18%; P < .001). Of the infants discharged without hernia repair, 15% required nonelective readmission up to 1 year later, but only 2% of preterm and 1% of full-term infants actually underwent inguinal hernia repair during these unplanned readmissions. None of the readmitted infants underwent additional procedures suggestive of a strangulated hernia.

Complications among infants awaiting inguinal hernia repair may be substantially less common than previously reported, and the occurrence of significant associated morbidity is quite rare.

Complications among infants awaiting inguinal hernia repair may be substantially less common than previously reported, and the occurrence of significant associated morbidity is quite rare.

Although the "weekday effect" may influence postoperative outcomes, controversies regarding its existence remain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the day of the week the surgery was performed and postoperative outcomes.

Data from 58,646 patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from May 2003 to February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Two elective surgery groups comprising of 33,513 (57.1%) and 25,113 (42.9%) patients who underwent surgery in the early and late days of the week, respectively, were analyzed. Late days of the week was defined as days where surgery was performed within 2 days before weekends or holidays and early days of the week as all other weekdays. These groups were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting. The adjusted 30-day mortality and length of hospital stay were compared.

In the weighted sample, all 52 clinical covariates were comparable between the 2 groups. The weighted sample analysis did not reveal a significant difference in the 30-day mortality between early days of the week and late days of the week (0.19% early days of week vs 0.18% late days of the week; relative risk, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.50; P= .82). Similarly, the median length of hospital stay showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (median value for both groups, 5.0 days; interquartile range 3.0-8.0; relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.03; P= .16).

A weekday effect associated with the day of elective surgery performed was not found in this study for either the 30-day postoperative mortality or length of hospital stay.

A weekday effect associated with the day of elective surgery performed was not found in this study for either the 30-day postoperative mortality or length of hospital stay.The current COVID-19 pandemic has created an awareness and at the same time provides an impetus to transform digitalisation of healthcare delivery. Remote prescription is one key component of telemedicine, but it is the easiest and already practised in most places during the current pandemic even without the framework of virtual medicine in place. However, remote prescription, with its antecedent problems cannot be properly and safely executed in isolation. link2 To ensure patients' safety and health outcomes, specific guidelines will need to be developed to cater for specific medical conditions to address individual drug prescriptions and concerns. There is a need for a robust governance to ensure that patient's safety is the foremost priority, and provisions should be made for requirements of remote prescription in the different medical subspecialities. The pandemic provides an enormous opportunity for stakeholders and policymakers to come together to create a seamless and user friendly and yet innovative healthcare ecosystem to transform clinical healthcare delivery with patient safety as the core driver in the implementation.

Though the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) till the age of six months are unanimously perceived and ubiquitously accepted, there are several factors that impede this great practice all over the world, and Bangladesh is no exception.

A clinic-based, mixed-method, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the EBF practice and the possible causes of early cessation in Noakhali district, Bangladesh. link3 The Kaplan-Meier survival curve with a log-rank test was used to compare the survival differences of recommended and observed EBF practices. The life table for EBF practice was also presented, and the multivariate cox proportional regression model was used to identify the predictors of EBF duration. Two focus group discussions were conducted to generate qualitative data on EBF cessation.

The mean duration of EBF was five months; only 30% of mothers did not complete EBF, and the cumulative survival curve showed a sharp fall after four months of breastfeeding. However, factors such as mother's advanced age (30years or above; AHR 0.376, 90% CI 0.158-0.893) and low level of education increase the risk of the EBF cessation, while being housewife mothers, preceding birth interval of more than 2years and living in urban areas decreases the risk of EBF termination. Perceived inadequacy of breast milk and some cultural norms were among the cessation factors revealed in qualitative analysis.

Although the completion rates of EBF practice seem to be high in this study population, some socio-cultural issues remain to be addressed, and further promotional efforts should be made to continue and improve the EBF practice.

Although the completion rates of EBF practice seem to be high in this study population, some socio-cultural issues remain to be addressed, and further promotional efforts should be made to continue and improve the EBF practice.