Egelundnilsson2302

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a round-shaped Gram-positive bacteria that caused infection in the human body. S. aureus infection can be inhibited by the use of antibiotics. However, these bacteria displayed resistance to some antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Tembelekan (Lantana camara L.) and Kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf extracts against S. aureus. The method used in this study is the disc method to determine the inhibition zone. The test results showed there was no significant difference in the sensitivity of Tembelekan leaf extract (L. camara L.) and Kopasanda leaf extract (C. odorata L.) against S. aureus (P0.8>α0.05). However, based on the average value of the inhibition zone, Kopasanda leaf extract was showed higher inhibition zone compared to Tembelekan leaf extract. In conclusion, Tembelekan leaf and Kopasanda leaf at a concentration of 100% were produced inhibition zones of 0.6 cm and 0.8 cm respectively against S. aureus.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Problem of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is increasing in number especially in countries with high TB incidence rate, such as Indonesia. Although not every LTBI will become active TB, if untreated and not handled appropriately it can still be a source of transmission and may increase the rate of resistance to the first-line TB drugs.

as a cause of tuberculosis disease is an intracellular pathogens that survives within the phagosome of host macrophages. Several host factors are involved in this process, including the Tryptophan Aspartate-containing Coat Protein (TACO). selleck inhibitor TACO is a protein recruited and retained by viable

on the surface of the phagosome membrane to maintain its survival in phagosome, because the presence of TACO plays an important role in inhibiting the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes.

the aim of this studyis to assess the difference of gene expression TACO protein in Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) and healthy people.

A preliminary studyof mRNA examination of TACO protein using Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Real Time-Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method by a PCR Light Cycler 2.0 machine (Roche) in LTBI and healthy groups.

18 samples of peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMCs) were collected and divided into 2 groups. We found that there was a significantly difference between the 2 groups of samples.

Further research is required to consider that the measurement of TACO expression using RT-PCRcan used as one of the other method to determine LTBI.

Further research is required to consider that the measurement of TACO expression using RT-PCRcan used as one of the other method to determine LTBI.

The diagnostic test for malaria is mostly based on Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and detection by microscopy. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also a sensitive detection method that can be considered as a diagnostic tool. The outcome of malaria microscopy detection depends on the examiner's ability and experience. Some RDT has been distributed in Indonesia, which needs to be evaluated for their results.

This study aimed to compare the performance of RightSign RDT and ScreenPlus RDT for detection of

in human blood. We used specific real-time polymerase chain reaction abTESTMMalaria qPCRII) and gold standard of microscopy detection method to measure diagnostic efficiency.

Blood specimens were evaluated using RightSign RDT, ScreenPlus RDT, Microscopy detection, and RT-PCR as the protocol described. The differences on specificity (Sp), sensitivity (Sn), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were analyzed using McNemar and Kruskal Wallis analysis.

A total of 105 subjects were recruited. Based on microscopy test, RightSign RDT had sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, 100%, 98%, 98.2%, 100%, respectively. ScreenPlus showed 100% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 98.2% PPV, 100% NPV. The sensitivity of both RDTs became lower (75%) and the specificity higher (100 %) when using real-time PCR. Both RDTs showed a 100% agreement. RTPCR detected higher mix infection when compared to microscopy and RDTs.

RightSign and ScreenPlus RDT have excellent performance when using microscopy detection as a gold standard. Real-time PCR method can be considered as a confirmation tool for malaria diagnosis.

RightSign and ScreenPlus RDT have excellent performance when using microscopy detection as a gold standard. Real-time PCR method can be considered as a confirmation tool for malaria diagnosis.Anti retroviral drugs for HIV has problems with uncomfortable side effects and that endanger the lives of HIV sufferers. Several herbs have been empirically proven to have an effect on HIV eradication through inhibition of reverse transcriptase. One of such antiviral herbs is Justicia gendarussa (J. gendarussa). The aim of research is to evaluate anti-HIV activity of 70% fractionated-ethanol extract (with releasing alkaloids) and 70% ethanol extract (without releasing alkaloids) of J. gendarussa leaves on in vitro HIV-infected of MOLT-4 cells. The effect of the extracts in inhibiting viral replication and fusion process on acute HIV infection was identified through syncytia formation assay. Effect of the extracts on HIV p24 antigen was evaluated using HIV-1 p24 ELISA kit. It was found that 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves significantly inhibited of HIV replication by inhibition of syncytia formation, where the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of the 70% fractionated- ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 70.5 μg/mL and 228.7 μg/mL, respectively. Both of the extracts were also significantly inhibited HIV replication by decreasing HIV p24 antigen level where the EC 50 values of the 70% fractionatedethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 88.8 μg/mL and 540.7 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, it was found that 70% fractionated- ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves has anti-HIV activity since its EC50 values less than 100 μg/mL. It was concluded that J. gendarussa could be potentially developed into a phyto-pharmaceutical product due to its anti-HIV activity.

This study discusses the analysis of Tuberculosis (TB) program management at the Perak Timur Primary Health Care (PHC) and the Sawahan PHC in Surabaya. Early detection and adequate treatment can prevent transmission and improve control programs.

This study aims to analyze management of the tuberculosis program at PHCs in Surabaya.

The research method used is qualitative research. Data collection was done by interviewing tuberculosis officers about TB program and carrying out observations at the PHCs.

The study showed that case finding in the Perak Timur PHC and the Sawahan PHC was passive-active. The Perak Timur PHC has facilities for rapid molecular testing, while the Sawahan PHC have to go to a center for Health Laboratory if rapid molecular testing is needed. In terms of treatment, patients at the Perak Timur PHC would come according to an agreement with TB officer, while at the Sawahan PHC, patients have to come every Monday. Officer at the Perak Timur PHC tended to accommodate the needs of TB patients compared to officer at the Sawahan PHC. The level of adherence to taking medication in two PHCs is good but there are a number of patients who have not really understood the frequency of taking medication.

Generally, both PHCs have good TB program management but the Perak Timur PHC tends to be more flexible towards patients while the Sawahan PHC tends to be stricter towards patients.

Generally, both PHCs have good TB program management but the Perak Timur PHC tends to be more flexible towards patients while the Sawahan PHC tends to be stricter towards patients.

Extrapulmonary Tubercolosis (EPTB) is an infectious disease that affects tissue outside the lungs. EPTB patients cannot be source of infection, therefore the findings in the community indicate that there are still active pulmonary TB patients acting as a source of infection. Understanding distributions of EPTB can be used as indicator to individuate the unmonitored source of TB transmission in the community.

The aim of this study is to analyze EPTB using spatial modeling based on patients' location.

This study is an observational research with spatial analysis approach using SatScanv.9.4.4 and ArcGis v.10.4. Involving 46 samples of EPTB patients in Anatomy Pathology Laboratory of RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie in 2017 and 7 pulmonary TB patients who were contacts of EPTB patients. The distribution of EPTB patients is mostly located in areas with high population density.

The results showed that the distribution pattern of EPTB patients was mostly in areas with high population densities. Space-time permutation model shows there are 3 clusters of EPTB with a 2.91, 0.97, 1.13 km radius centered on -0.504177 S/117.092132 E, -0.476895 S /117.141700 E, -0.517031 S/117.092132 E.

The distribution of patients with EPTB and pulmonary TB indicates there is an interaction between EPTB and pulmonary TB in the cluster area. Bernoulli model shows that there is 1 cluster of EPTB and pulmonary TB with relative risk 5.29, radius of 3.19 km, and centered on - 0.458159 S / 117.149945 E.

The distribution of patients with EPTB and pulmonary TB indicates there is an interaction between EPTB and pulmonary TB in the cluster area. Bernoulli model shows that there is 1 cluster of EPTB and pulmonary TB with relative risk 5.29, radius of 3.19 km, and centered on - 0.458159 S / 117.149945 E.

Tooth extraction is a dental procedure for removing a teeth from the alveolar bone socket. The tooth extraction process causes damage to hard tissue and soft tissue, so the body will respond physiologically to heal the wound. The wound healing process is divided into several phases, one of which is the proliferation phase of fibroblasts, which is one of the most important phases in the process of wound healing. link2 Okra fruit contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids that have antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant effects, and can stimulate angiogenesis so to accelerate the process of wound healing.

to prove that the administration of okra fruit extract can accelerate the process of wound healing after extraction in the teeth of Wistar rats through increased expression of fibroblast cells.

18 Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups; control group and treatment group. The treatment group received a 30% okra fruit extract. The number of fibroblasts was calculated statistically using One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD.

The results showed that the expression of control group fibroblast cells on day 3 (19.00±2.0), day 5 (21.67±2.08), day 7 (24.00±2.00), whereas in the treatment group on day 3 (24.00±1.00), day 5 (29.00±2.00), day 7 (30.00±1.53). Anova test between groups showed a significant difference with P-value 0.006.

30% okra fruit extract can increase fibroblast expression in wound healing process after extraction of Wistar rat teeth.

30% okra fruit extract can increase fibroblast expression in wound healing process after extraction of Wistar rat teeth.Septic arthritis caused by bacteria Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection has been widely reported from Europe and the United States. This case presentation reported the first Staphylococcal septic arthritis, preceded by systemic erythroderma skin lesions from aregional hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Radiology imaging was used for confirming the defect. link3 Joint fluid aspirate from the affected knee joint lesion was sent for joint fluid analysis and microbiology culture. The analysis showed infiltration of neutrophil inflammatory cells. S. aureus was isolated on culture and demonstrated catalase positive and coagulase positive reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to determine the appropriate selection of antibiotics. Clindamycin was used for treatment and the complicated occurrence of deep vein thrombosis was treated with anticoagulant. Awareness of this disease and its progression to its complication deep vein thrombosis is required to understand the burden of this disease.