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Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. It causes an estimated 288,649 deaths worldwide per year, of which 94,883 death occur among children under 5 years old. Up to 24% of survivors suffer from long-term sequelae such as epilepsy, mental disability, or sensorineural deafness, especially when the disease is contracted during early childhood.
This study aimed to assess bacterial isolates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among children under 5 years old in Dilla University Referral Hospital.
Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used to collect clinical data and CSF sample from children under 5 years old who were suspected for meningitis. Sediment of CSF samples was inoculated to blood agar plate, chocolate agar plate, and MacConkey agar for bacterial isolation and identification. Chemical analysis and cytological analysis were also conducted based on standard operating procedures.
From a total of 287 CSF samples cultured, causative bacteria were detected in 38 (13.2%). From culture positive cases, the most frequent isolate was
(13 (34.2%)) followed by
(7 (18.4%)),
(6 (16%)) and
(6 (16%)).
type b was isolated in 4 (10.5%) children with meningitis. Another cause of meningitis was
which accounted for 10.5%.
was detected in 4 (1.9%) cases of meningitis. Of all bacterial isolates, about 42.1% (16/38) were multi-drug resistant. About 38.5% of
had multi-drug resistance, while about 33.3% of
, 50%
, 57.1%
and 40% of
showed multi-drug resistance.
A high prevalence of bacterial meningitis and high rate of drug resistance were observed.
was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among children under 5 years old.
A high prevalence of bacterial meningitis and high rate of drug resistance were observed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among children under 5 years old.The wide spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB), constitutes a major public health threat worldwide, owing to the limited therapeutic options. This review will describe and uncover the Tunisian experience in the challenge against carbapenem resistance. Indeed, we illuminate on the dissemination of CR-GNB in different hospitals, animals, and other natural environments in this country. We resumed the different carbapenemase variants detected from various bacterial species and mapped their regional distribution, basing on Tunisian published data during a period extended from 2006, the date of its first description in Tunisia, to February 2019. We also resumed the different mobile genetic elements implicated in their dissemination. This review shows that the majority of the research reports focused in the north and the coastal cities in spite of the fact that KPC and IMP carbapenemases were uncommonly detected in our country. However, VIM, NDM-1, and OXA-48 enzymes were usually reported with the predominance of OXA-48 among Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, OXA-23, OXA-51, and OXA-58 carbapenemases constituted the main mechanism conferring carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii in Tunisia. Collaborative efforts and raising awareness of the threat of antibiotic resistance are required in order to minimize the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor.
is the most common mutant gene in human cancer. Wild-type p53 (wtp53) is a tumor suppressor protein whereas mutant p53 (mutp53) is an oncoprotein that promotes tumor cell proliferation. Our aim was to examine the inhibitory effects of berberine on the proliferation of human glioma cells via regulation of wtp53, mutp53, and their downstream molecules.
We selected wtp53 cells (U87 cells) and mutp53 cells (U251 cells termed p53 R273H) to examine the inhibitory effects of berberine on human glioma cells. We used the CCK-8 kit to detect the toxic effect of berberine. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of berberine. Clone formation test was used to test the inhibitory effect of berberine on the proliferation of glioma cells. Western blot was used to detect the changes of related proteins such as p53, p-p53, p21 and cyclin D1. Indisulam solubility dmso Lentivirus transduction was used to transduce wild-type p53 into U251 cells to further examine the effect of berberine. The nu tumors with unique biological and clinical characteristics. Berberine can inhibit glioma cells through a variety of ways. Our research indicated that berberine inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells by interfering with wtp53 and mutp53. This indicates that berberine could be used as a potential drug to treat wild-type and mutant p53 glioma.
High serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) has been found in several malignant tumors. Here, we aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of serum IGFBP7 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect IGFBP7 level in the serum of 115 CRC patients and 107 healthy controls, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis.
The levels of serum IGFBP7 were significantly higher in CRC than those in normal controls (
< 0.001). With optimized cutoff of 2.050 ng/mL, IGFBP7 showed certain diagnostic value with specificity of 93.9%, sensitivity of 64.5% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.815 (95% CI 0.754-0.877) in CRC. In early-stage CRC, IGFBP7 provided an AUC of 0.826 (95% CI 0.757-0.896), a sensitivity of 64.5%, and a specificity of 95.8%. Furthermore, when compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the accuracy of serum IGFBP7 in the diagnosis of CRC and early-stage CRC were significantly improved. Analysis of clinical data shows that there are no significant differences between IGFBP7 and clinical factors.
Our study suggested that serum IGFBP7 might serve as a potential biomarker for early-stage CRC diagnosis.
Our study suggested that serum IGFBP7 might serve as a potential biomarker for early-stage CRC diagnosis.
