Eatonmejer1238

4) out of 37 (28.2%) such patients. There was significant association of chronic kidney diseases stages with drug-drug interactions, polypharmacy, dose error and prescribing drugs (p less then 0.05). The higher incidence of drug-related problems reflected irrational prescribing trends and deficiency of professional staff dealing with kidney disease patients.Creativity is one of the tools in the toolkit of modern day learners. Scientific progress cannot be accomplished without developing creative capacities of individuals. The Muslim countries, despite their historical achievement in different creative and innovative discoveries and positive encouragement by Islam towards creativity, have paradoxically gone down from their position. Creativity is one of the priorities of modern age due to its role in the progress of humanity and future. The education system is spoon-feeding our learners and killing creativity. The main aim of the current scoping review is to summarise and disseminate research findings pertaining to the evidence on the definition of the concept of creativity, its importance in education, role of teachers and learners in making creativity a part of their educational endeavours, and their implications. Moreover, it provides a broad and detailed outline of the topic and exploring more general questions rather than providing answer to limited questions. It will help to determine how important it is to foster creativity as educators.Migraine is a type of headache associated with causing disability. It is considered the third main cause of disability among individuals aged less then 50 years. Environment around us does play an essential role in triggering the symptoms of migraine. The painful episodes can be prevented by adopting certain lifestyle changes, affecting the daily life activities of students. In the current narrative review, literature was searched on Google, Google Scholar and PubMed databases from 2015 to 2020. Migraine pain was found to be prevalent at different severity levels among college and university students, being more common in the females compared to the males. Identifying triggers is an essential feature in identifying and thus preventing the severity of migraine. As the disease affects the quality of life of students, it is essential to create more awareness so that students may approach physicians and maintain undisturbed focus on their academics.Universal health coverage is a global agenda and, currently for Pakistan, achieving this goal is a challenge because of a number of constraints. The current narrative review was planned to describe an overview of the provision of health insurance in Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore that have achieved universal health coverage, and to propose a roadmap for Pakistan. Literature search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed databases as well as on the World Bank website to retrieve relevant articles. The three studied countries achieved universal health coverage by gradually increasing allocation for health and through various mechanisms, such as health insurance schemes which covered different segments of the population, and partnerships with private-sector care-providers. Pakistan needs to prioritise health in policy agenda because health insurance is negligible in Pakistan. Additionally, Pakistan also needs to efficiently utilise partnerships with the private sector to further increase healthcare coverage.

To review different modes of application of hydroxyapatite for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion.

Literature search for the systematic review was done using key words 'hydroxyapatite and dentin hypersensitivity', 'hydroxyapatite and dentinal tubule occlusion', 'hydroxyapatite and dentin permeability', and 'dentinal tubule occlusion' on Pubmed, Science Direct and Web of Science databases for articles published over 10 years, from 2009 to 2018.

Of the 132 research articles initially identified, 97(73.5%) related to the 10-year study period. After detailed screening, 16(16.5%) studies were included. The results of in vitro studies showed that application of hydroxyapatite caused dentinal tubule occlusion leading to reduction in dentin permeability and reduction in dentin hypersensitivity.

Hydroxyapatite has the potential to reduce dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion within 2-8 weeks.

Hydroxyapatite has the potential to reduce dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion within 2-8 weeks.

To explore the current evidences on effects of trigger point dry needling as a treatment strategy on pain and range of motion among subjects with lower extremity myofascial trigger areas.

The systematic review was conducted at the University Institute of Physical Therapy, Lahore, Pakistan, from February to August 2019, and comprised search of studies on Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and PEDro databases published in the English language from 2000 to July 2019. www.selleckchem.com/ALK.html The search terms used were 'Dry needling', 'Trigger points', 'Myofascial trigger points', 'Trigger area', 'Acupuncture therapy', 'Lower extremity' and 'Acupuncture'. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Methodological assessment was performed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database 10-point scale. Data synthesis was performed through vote counting method.

Of the 564 articles initially found, 30(5.3%) were shortlisted for full-text assessment. Of them, 10(33.3%) were selected for final assessment; with 7(70%) scoring high and 3(30%) fair on the PEDro scale. All the 10(100%) studies documented improvement in the pain over time with dry needling strategy. None of the studies targeted any other outcome, like anxiety and sleep disturbances, related with myofascial trigger points.

On basis of the best evidences available, dry needling seemed to be effective in pain reduction related to lower extremity myofascial trigger points. Evidence also suggested that there was not much positive effect of myofascial trigger point dry needling on depression, anxiety, muscular strength and quality of life.

On basis of the best evidences available, dry needling seemed to be effective in pain reduction related to lower extremity myofascial trigger points. Evidence also suggested that there was not much positive effect of myofascial trigger point dry needling on depression, anxiety, muscular strength and quality of life.

To assess literature related to the various aspects of dental pulp tissue engineering, its myriad protocols, inclusive of adjuvant surgeries, and to summarise the testing methodologies of pulp vitality.

The multidisciplinary systematic review was conducted at the Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, the National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, and HITEC Dental College, Taxilla, Pakistan, and comprised literature search on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Science Direct databases related to articles about 'revitalisation', 'revascularisation', 'dental pulp' and 'regeneration' published from January 2017 to January 2020.

Of the 5,986 articles found through search, 14(0.23%) studies were selected; 8(57.1%) clinical trials, 1(7.1%) case series, and 5(35.7%) case reports with platelet concentrates. All the studies (100%) had observed standard clinical treatment procedures for canal disinfection. Current strategies of pulpal regeneration reported commendable success. Histological analysis of clinical trials is essential to ensure confirmatory evidence of quality of revitalisation.

The assessment of the impact of oral factors and a long-term follow up are required to produce a definitive understanding of the phenomenon.

The assessment of the impact of oral factors and a long-term follow up are required to produce a definitive understanding of the phenomenon.

To examine the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy.

The cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1 to October 31, 2020, at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan. The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy was translated into Urdu by using a forward-backward procedure. The test-retest reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis. The validity of the translated questionnaire was constructed by using exploratory factor analysis through principal axis factoring extraction and Oblique rotation with Kaiser Normalisation. The constructs were retained based on extracted communalities. Data was analysed using SPSS v 21.

The Urdu version of the questionnaire exhibited acceptable test-retest alpha values of 0.780 and 0.812 at two-time points, with an overall value of 0.790. All items showed good stability with intraclass correlation coefficient values of >0.80. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure for factor analysis was 0.812. Barlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (p<0.05). Three factors explaining the variance were extracted and the loading values for all nine constructs were acceptable (>0.40). All items of the translated version were retained, proving the validity of the Urdu version of the questionnaire.

The translated version of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of quality of life for pregnant women in regions where Urdu is the prime language of communication.

The translated version of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of quality of life for pregnant women in regions where Urdu is the prime language of communication.

To evaluate carbapenem resistance and to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii isolates recovered from patients having pneumonia secondary to ventilation.

The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 at the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised endotracheal aspirates / tracheobroncheal lavage samples from patients irrespective of age and gender who developed pneumonia after being on the ventilator for 48 hrs at the Combined Military Hospital, and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey and blood agar and aerobically incubated at a temperature of 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolated organisms were further assessed by standard morphological, cultural and biochemical profile. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were checked for carbapenemase production using Modified Hodge Test. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.

Out of 157 samples, 92(58.6%) yielded growth of bacteria, and, among them, 39(42.4%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii. All (100%) Acinetobacter baumannii cases showed resistance to carbapenem, were producing carbapenemase enzyme, and were positive for blaOXA-51 gene. The blaOXA-23 gene was amplified in 38(97.4%) isolates.

BlaOXA-23 gene appeared to be the major cause of carbapenem resistance.

BlaOXA-23 gene appeared to be the major cause of carbapenem resistance.