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Altogether, these data improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling the establishment of the root nodule symbiosis under Pi deficiency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Exosomes carrying microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate cell-to-cell communication, which play important roles in cancer growth and progression. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the miRNAs in the exosomes from carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are still not clear. The miRNA array showed that miR-3613-3p was an upregulated miRNA in CAFs exosomes. It was verified that miR-3613-3p was upregulated in exosomes from fibroblasts educated by TGF-β1 and the fibroblasts from breast cancer tissues. Exosomal miR-3613-3p promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The cellular functions showed that miR-3613-3p downregulation in the CAFs exosomes suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer by targeting SOCS2 expression. The clinical data showed that miR-3613-3p levels were negatively related to SOCS2 expression in breast cancer tissues. In a conclusion, the study demonstrated that activated fibroblasts exosomes with high levels of miR-3613-3p played an oncogenic role in breast cancer cell survival and metastasis, which suggested that miR-3613-3p function as a therapeutic target. © 2020 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.Although the biochemical and genetic basis of lipid metabolism is clear in Arabidopsis, there is limited information concerning the relevant genes in soybean. To address this issue, here we constructed three-dimension genetic networks using six seed oil-related traits, fifty-two lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and 54,294 SNPs in at most 286 soybean accessions. As a result, 284 and 279 candidate genes were found by phenotypic and metabolic genome-wide association studies and multi-omics analyses, respectively, to be significantly associated with seed oil-related traits and metabolites; six seed oil-related traits were found by MCP and SCAD analyses to be significantly related to thirty-one metabolites. Among the above candidate genes, 36 genes were found to be associated with oil synthesis (27), amino acid synthesis (4) and TCA cycle (5), and four genes GmFATB1a, GmPDAT, GmPLDα1 and GmDAGAT1 are known oil-synthesis-related genes. Using the above information, 133 three-dimension genetic networks were constructed, in which 24 are known, e.g., pyruvate-GmPDAT-GmFATA2-oil content. Using these networks, GmPDAT, GmAGT and GmACP4 reveal the genetic relationships between pyruvate and the three major nutrients, and GmPDAT, GmZF351 and GmPgs1 reveal the genetic relationships between amino acids and seed oil content. In addition, GmCds1, along with average temperature in July and rainfall, influence seed oil content across years. This study provides a new approach for three-dimension network construction and new information for soybean seed oil improvement and gene function identification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Traditional genetic studies focus on identifying genetic variants associated with the mean difference of a quantitative trait. Because genetic variants also influence phenotypic variation via heterogeneity, we conducted a variance-heterogeneity genome wide association study (vGWAS) to examine contribution of variance heterogeneity to oil-related quantitative traits. We identified 79 unique variance-controlling single nucleotide polymorphisms (vSNPs) from the sequences of 77 candidate variance heterogeneity genes for 21 oil-related traits using Levene' test (P less then 1.0 × 10-5 ). About 30% of the candidate genes encode enzymes working in lipid metabolic pathways, and most of which define clear expression variance QTLs (evQTL). Of the vSNPs specifically associated with the genetic variance heterogeneity of oil concentration, 89% can be explained by additional linked mean-effects genetic variants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gene x gene interactions play important roles in the formation of variance heterogeneity for fatty acid compositional traits. The interaction pattern was validated for one gene pair (GRMZM2G035341 and GRMZM2G152328) using Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC) analyses. Our findings have implications for uncovering the genetic basis of hidden additive genetic effects, epistatic interaction effects, and we indicate opportunities to stabilize efficient high-oil maize (Zea mays L.) breeding and selection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.As of April 2020, more than 2 million people worldwide had tested positive for COVID-19, and more than 200,000 deaths are attributed to this virus. It is estimated that around 15% of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 will develop severe health complications, and around 5- 10% will require intensive level care due to the seriousness of the symptoms and the high mortality risk (3-5%)( Baud et al., 2020; Murthy, Gomersall, & Fowler, 2020). At the time of writing, COVID-19 has caused the need for hospitalisation of thousands of people due to the serious pneumonia type symptoms that result in extreme breathing difficulty. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND There are controversial findings in the literature regarding the association between tobacco smoking and development of apical periodontitis or need for root canal treatment, with some studies showing an increase in the prevalence of these outcomes in smokers, while others reporting no association. AIM To evaluate if there is scientific evidence to support an association between tobacco smoking and a higher prevalence of apical periodontitis and/or root canal treatments. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed using MeSH terms and free terms in the PubMed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library(VHL), Cochrane library and Open Gray databases. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Observational studies that evaluated the association between smoking and the development or healing of periapical lesion and/or the prevalence of root canal treatment in humans were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS A quality assessment of included studies was performed and the relevant infprotected by copyright. All rights reserved.In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China and spread globally, resulting in the first World Health Organization (WHO) classified pandemic in over a decade.1 As of April 2020, the United States (US) has the most confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide, but public health interventions and testing availability have varied across the country. 2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We read with great interest the paper by Zhang and colleagues [1], describing the predictive value of D-dimers tested on admission on in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19. These interesting results may supply an easy-to practice laboratory marker to clinical teams managing the patients. However, a number of uncertainties must be mentioned. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on global healthcare services. In an attempt to limit the spread of infection and to preserve healthcare resources, one commonly used strategy has been to postpone elective surgery, whilst maintaining the provision of anaesthetic care for urgent and emergency surgery. General anaesthesia with airway intervention leads to aerosol generation, which increases the risk of COVID-19 contamination in operating rooms and significantly exposes the healthcare teams to COVID-19 infection during both tracheal intubation and extubation. Therefore, the provision of regional anaesthesia may be key during this pandemic, as it may reduce the need for general anaesthesia and the associated risk from aerosol-generating procedures. However, guidelines on the safe performance of regional anaesthesia in light of the COVID-19 pandemic are limited. The goal of this review is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations or expert opinion when evidence is limited, for performing regional anaesthesia procedures in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. These recommendations focus on seven specific domains including planning of resources and staffing; modifying the clinical environment; preparing equipment, supplies and drugs; selecting appropriate personal protective equipment; providing adequate oxygen therapy; assessing for and safely performing regional anaesthesia procedures; and monitoring during the conduct of anaesthesia and post-anaesthetic care. Implicit in these recommendations is preserving patient safety whilst protecting healthcare providers from possible exposure. © 2020 Association of Anaesthetists.We conducted a clinical trial with 22 healthy volunteers to investigate the effects of pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist rifampin on blood pressure (BP). The study was randomized, cross-over, single-blind and placebo-controlled. Rifampin 600 mg or placebo once daily was administered for a week and the 24hr ambulatory BP was monitored at the end of each arm on the eighth day. Rifampin elevated the mean systolic and diastolic 24hr BP (4.7 mmHg, P less then 0.0001, and 3.0 mmHg, P less then 0.001, respectively) as well as the mean heart rate (3.5 bpm, P = 0.038). The serum renin concentration and the plasma renin activity were increased. MALT1 inhibitor in vitro Although rifampin increased circulating 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC) as expected, the plasma 4βHC concentration strongly negatively correlated with 24hr BP, especially systolic, in both rifampin and placebo arms (rifampin systolic BP, r = -0.69, P less then 0.001; placebo systolic BP, r = -0.70, P less then 0.001). The 4βHC, an agonist for liver X receptor (LXR), induced renin expression modestly in LXR-α expressing Calu-6 cells but only at unphysiologically high 4βHC concentrations. In conclusion, rifampin stimulates renin activity and has a hypertensive effect. This finding should be considered when designing interaction studies involving rifampin or other PXR agonists. Furthermore, PXR may represent a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM Investigate the presence, localization, and the possible correlation of the Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) with inflammatory resorption of cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during development of apical periodontitis in mice. METHODOLOGY Apical periodontitis was experimentally induced in mandibular first molars of mice by pulp exposure to the oral environment. Healthy teeth without pulp exposure were used as controls. At 7, 21 and 42 days following pulp exposure, the animals were euthanized and the jaws were prepared for analysis under conventional and fluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry (FGFR2), RT-PCR (RNAm levels of RANK, RANKL, OPG, Runx2 and Cathepsin K) and enzymehistochemistry (cementoclasts and osteoclasts). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskall-Wallis tests and Dunn's post-hoc tests for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05) using SAS 9.4 software. RESULTS FGFR2 positive cells were not observed in the tissues surrounding healthy teeth but were observed in teeth with periapical lesions from seven days after root canal contamination.