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Autonomic dysfunction affects the dynamic equilibrium and might cause individual gait differences. Further study is warranted to quantify the autonomic function and clarify individual variations in dynamic equilibrium, after unilateral CVS.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of topical allantoin application on wound healing in a rat chronic tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) model.

A chronic TMP model was established with 25 healthy, female, 6-month-old, Sprague Dawley rats with chemical damage (trichloroacetic acid 50%). The rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups as follows Group 1 (10 rats, 20 ears) was administered intratympanic (IT) 20 μL/day 0.57% allantoin solution 7 times, every other day; Group 2 (5 rats, 10 ears) received no substance; Group 3 (10 rats, 20 ears) received IT 20 μl/day distilled water 7 times, every other day. After tympanic membrane (TM) examination with an otoendoscope, histopathological examination of the TM was performed to evaluate neutrophil activity, chronicity, histiocytes, keratin accumulation, subepithelial edema, congestion, fibroblast proliferation, neovascularization, and tympanic membrane thickness.

Two TM perforations, 1 in Group 1 and 1 in Group 3, were not healed whereas TM perforations in 48 ears demonstrated closure at the end of the study. Androgen Receptor Antagonist manufacturer According to the histopathological examination, neutrophil activity and fibroblast proliferation were significantly higher in Group 1. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of other histopathological parameters.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effect of allantoin in an experimental chronic TMP model. According to the histopathological findings, allantoin may have positive effects on the wound healing process of chronic TMP.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effect of allantoin in an experimental chronic TMP model. According to the histopathological findings, allantoin may have positive effects on the wound healing process of chronic TMP.

Since there is great confusion in the literature about the anatomy and terms of the crista fenestra (CF) and the crista semilunaris, this paper is confined to the anatomy of the inferior margin of the round window (RW).

This study was carried out on 20 cadaveric temporal bones. We measured the maximal height of the RW and the maximum height of the inferior bony edge of the RW, (termed CF type A), in this study. The ratio of the maximum height of CF type A to the maximum height of the RW was calculated. After drilling the CF type A, the scala tympani was visualized using a sialendoscope, and any bony projection in the inferior wall of the scala tympani just behind the round window membrane (RWM) was assessed and reported (termed CF B in this study).

We identified CF type A in 19/20 of cases (95%), and it was absent in only 1 case (5%). Its height ranged from 0.228 to 1.329 mm with an average of 0.604±0.347 mm. The percentage of CF type A to RW ranged from 19 to 75%, with an average of 42%. CF type B was present in only 2 specimens (10%).

CF type A occupied a significant part of the RW in most specimens, and therefore its drilling was essential in a large percentage of cases. CF type B (inside the scala tympani) was present in 10% of the temporal bone samples, and curettage had to be done in these cases.

CF type A occupied a significant part of the RW in most specimens, and therefore its drilling was essential in a large percentage of cases. CF type B (inside the scala tympani) was present in 10% of the temporal bone samples, and curettage had to be done in these cases.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the audiological, radiological, and examination findings of patients who have been treated for hearing loss (HL) due to head trauma and evaluated in terms of causality to reveal current data, and to highlight the steps to be taken.

We retrospectively reviewed the reports of cases that had applied for disability with HL due to head injury and had been evaluated by the Forensic Medicine Institute between January 01, 2009 and January 01, 2019.

Of the total cases of head trauma, 52.42% were not vehicle-related, and cases were observed to be concentrated in the age range of 19-40 (55.92%; n = 283). Although otorrhagia/otorrhea was the most common finding in all types of trauma, TM perforation was the most common finding in blast-type injuries. While the rate of newly developed unilateral HL was 84.2%, 72.7% of the patients had sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) . Temporal bone fractures were detected in 59.3% of the cases, and 60.2% of them were of the longitudinal type. Facial paralysis (FP) was detected in 28.6% of the cases, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of HL compared to those without FP. Other nerve palsy was detected in 4.9% of the cases, and N. Abducens paralysis was the most common.

Accompanying intracranial nerve injury, temporal fracture, and intracranial pathologies are considerably high in patients who develop HL following head trauma. The first examination requires a multidisciplinary approach to guide future disability applications.

Accompanying intracranial nerve injury, temporal fracture, and intracranial pathologies are considerably high in patients who develop HL following head trauma. The first examination requires a multidisciplinary approach to guide future disability applications.

The objective of this multicenter retrospective case review was to assess the natural clinical course, efficacy, and safety of mastoid obliteration with S53P4 Bioactive Glass (bioactive glass).

Retrospective case note review in a regional Tertiary Referral Centre and District General Hospital. Patients undergoing mastoid cavity obliteration as part of primary or secondary procedure with bioactive glass between 2012 and 2018. Outcome measures were assessed from a prospectively collated database and case note review. Primary outcomes were the common morbidities of a mastoid cavity; dry or discharging ear (Merchant's scale), vertigo in cold air, and a watertight middle ear. Patients were also assessed for audiological outcomes and recidivism.

Ninety patients were included. During the follow-up period, (mean, 22 months; range, 6-59 months) cholesteatoma recidivism was observed in 2% of ears (2 patients). An acceptably dry (Merchant Grade 0-1) ear was achieved in 91% of all ears (95% primary cases, 80% secondary cases).