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Consequently, they presented more excellent scavenging rates toward DPPH and ABTS radicals, up to 90%. This work provided panoramic perspectives and basics of the green and convenient approach to isolate and modify lignin and LCC for great antioxidantion with LDSF.Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium and a common tick-borne infectious pathogen that can cause human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). PF-01367338 phosphate Effector proteins play an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of A. phagocytophilum, but the specifics of the disease mechanism are unclear. We studied the effector protein AptA (A. phagocytophilum toxin A) using yeast two hybrid assays to screen its interacting protein proteasome assembly chaperone 3 (PSMG3, PAC3), and identified new mechanisms for the pathogenicity of A. phagocytophilum in HEK293T cells. After AptA enters the host cell, it interacts with PSMG3 to enhance the activity of the proteasome, causing ubiquitination and autophagy in the host cell and thereby increasing cross-talk between the ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. AptA also reduces the apoptotic efficiency of the host cells. These results offer new clues as to the pathogenic mechanism of A. phagocytophilum and support the hypothesis that AptA interacts with host PSMG3.To develop the hydrogels with high mechanical strength and excellent conductivity is always a challenging topic. In this study, the ultra-strong hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogels were prepared by combination of the triple-network and mechanical training. The proposed composite hydrogels were achieved by physically crosslinking HPC with PVA to form the first crosslinking network, in which the HPC fibers could decrease the crosslinking density of PVA matrix and generate a lot of water-rich porous area. Then, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), acrylamide (AM) and aluminium chloride diffused into the first network to fabricate the chemical crosslinking network and ionically cross-linked domains. The formation of triple-network enhanced the mechanical strength and toughness to 1.87 MPa and 339.09 kJ/m3, respectively. Especially, the crystalline domains of PVA chains could improve the hydrogel's fatigue resistance, and the orderly arrangement of the crystalline domains achieved through mechanical training process could further enhance the mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of pre-stretched composite hydrogel was increased up to 2.8 MPa. The composite hydrogels exhibit great applications in sensors, human-machine interactions, and wearable devices.The aim of this study was to synthesize iron magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with histidine and nickel (Fe3O4-His-Ni) to be used as support materials for oriented immobilization of His-tagged recombinant enzymes of high molecular weight, using β-galactosidase as a model. The texture, morphology, magnetism, thermal stability, pH and temperature reaction conditions, and the kinetic parameters of the biocatalyst obtained were assessed. In addition, the operational stability of the biocatalyst in the lactose hydrolysis of cheese whey and skim milk by batch processes was also assessed. The load of 600 Uenzyme/gsupport showed the highest recovered activity value (~50%). After the immobilization process, the recombinant β-galactosidase (HisGal) showed increased substrate affinity and greater thermal stability (~50×) compared to the free enzyme. The immobilized β-galactosidase was employed in batch processes for lactose hydrolysis of skim milk and cheese whey, resulting in hydrolysis rates higher than 50% after 15 cycles of reuse. The support used was obtained in the present study without modifying chemical agents. The support easily recovered from the reaction medium due to its magnetic characteristics. The iron nanoparticles functionalized with histidine and nickel were efficient in the oriented immobilization of the recombinant β-galactosidase, showing its potential application in other high-molecular-weight enzymes.Russula virescens is an edible wild mushroom that is widely distributed in south of China. This research aimed to analyze the structure characterization and evaluate the hypoglycemic, anticancer and immunological activities of two water soluble polysaccharides RVP-1 and RVP-2 from R. virescens. The results showed RVP-1 and RVP-2 were non-triple helix structured hetero-polysaccharides with different weight-average molecular weight 14,883 and 13,301 Da, respectively. Both RVP-1 and RVP-2 were composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and fructose, and the sugar residues were mainly linked by 1,6→, 1,2→, 1→ and 1,3,6→ glycosidic bonds. Moreover, the antidiabetic, anticancer and immune activities of RVP-1 and RVP-2 were explored in vitro methods. The two polysaccharides have potential for inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, suppressing HepG-2, A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells proliferation, and activating macrophage RAW 264.7 cells to secret immune cytokines for mediating cellular immune response. These findings provided a scientific basis for further utilization of polysaccharide from R. virescens.Janus nanomaterials possess remarkable prospects in the design of a series of smart materials with unique asymmetric properties. In this work, surface functionalized Janus cellulose nanocrystalline-type (CNCs-type) nanomaterials were manufactured by Pickering emulsion template and the construction of self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels has been realized. During emulsification, the mussel-inspired chemistry was employed to develop Janus nanocomposites. The extension of molecular chain of poly-lysine (PLL) and the polydopamine (PDA) coating were grafted on different sides of CNCs. Afterwards, the prepared nanocomposites were added to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)-based hydrogels which formed by in-situ polymerization. The collaborative effect of metal-ligand coordination between the molecular chain of PLL, PDA coating, PAA chains and metal ions endowed the nanocomposite hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties (8.8 MPa) and self-healing efficiency (88.9%). Therefore, the synthesized Janus CNCs-PDA/PLL nanocomposites are expected to have diverse application in the development of smart materials with self-healing ability.Alpha2-macroglobulin (α2M) is a physiological macromolecule that facilitates the clearance of many proteinases, cytokines and growth factors in human. Here, we explored the effect of induced forms of α2M on anticoagulant drugs. Gla-domainless factor Xa (GDFXa) and methylamine (MA)-induced α2M were prepared and characterized by electrophoresis, immunonephelometry, chromogenic, clot waveform and rotational thromboelastometry assays. Samples from healthy volunteers and anticoagulated patients were included. In vivo neutralization of anticoagulants was evaluated in C57Bl/6JRj mouse bleeding-model. Anticoagulant binding sites on induced α2M were depicted by computer-aided energy minimization modeling. GDFXa-induced α2M neutralized dabigatran and heparins in plasma and whole blood. In mice, a single IV dose of GDFXa-induced α2M following anticoagulant administration significantly reduced blood loss and bleeding time. Being far easier to prepare, we investigated the efficacy of MA-induced α2M. It neutralized rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran and heparins in spiked samples in a concentration-dependent manner and in samples from treated patients. Molecular docking analysis evidenced the ability of MA-induced α2M to bind non-covalently these compounds via some deeply buried binding sites. Induced forms of α2M have the potential to neutralize direct oral anticoagulants and heparins, and might be developed as a universal antidote in case of major bleeding or urgent surgery.The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which drives regulated cell death when Ca2+ concentration suddenly increases in mitochondria, was related to changes in the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase. The effects of the gadolinium cation (Gd3+), widely used for diagnosis and therapy, and reported as PTP blocker, were evaluated on the F1FO-ATPase activated by Mg2+ or Ca2+ and on the PTP. Gd3+ more effectively inhibits the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase than the Mg2+-activated F1FO-ATPase by a mixed-type inhibition on the former and by uncompetitive mechanism on the latter. Most likely Gd3+ binding to F1, is favoured by Ca2+ insertion. The maximal inactivation rates (kinact) of pseudo-first order inactivation are similar either when the F1FO-ATPase is activated by Ca2+ or by Mg2+. The half-maximal inactivator concentrations (KI) are 2.35 ± 0.35 mM and 0.72 ± 0.11 mM, respectively. The potency of a mechanism-based inhibitor (kinact/KI) also highlights a higher inhibition efficiency of Gd3+ on the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase (0.59 ± 0.09 mM-1∙s-1) than on the Mg2+-activated F1FO-ATPase (0.13 ± 0.02 mM-1∙s-1). Consistently, the PTP is desensitized in presence of Gd3+. The Gd3+ inhibition on both the mitochondrial Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase and the PTP strengthens the link between the PTP and the F1FO-ATPase when activated by Ca2+ and provides insights on the biological effects of Gd3+.Microneedles (MNs) fabrication using chitosan has gained significant interest due to its ability of film-forming, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for topical and transdermal drug delivery. The presence of amine and hydroxyl functional groups on chitosan permits the modification with tunable properties and functionalities. In this regard, chitosan is the preferred material for fabrication of MNs because it does not produce an immune response in the body and can be tailored as per required strength and functionalities. Therefore, many researchers have attempted to use chitosan as a drug delivery vehicle for hydrophilic drugs, peptides, and hormones. In 2020, the FDA has issued "Regulatory Considerations for Microneedling Products". This official guidance is a sign for future opportunities in the development of MNs. The present review focuses on properties, and modifications of chitosan used in the fabrication of MNs. The therapeutic and diagnostic applications of different types of chitosan-based MNs have been discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of MN-based devices, and patents related to chitosan-based MNs are discussed.This research work was performed to prepare chitosan-alginate-gelatin and chitosan-bentonite-gelatin films in different mass ratios incorporated with nano particles of Zinc Oxide, which were achieved through the method of green synthesis from Nettle leaf extract. The films were prepared and characterized based on their physicochemical properties, such as water absorption and porosity and surface morphology. Bentonite containing films illustrate more flexibility than alginate ones while the chitosan/bentonite composite films have a maximum water absorption capacity of about 170%. The antibacterial activity of the films was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and it presents good inhibitory activities against the tested bacteria as compared to the control sample. Furthermore, vivo animal tests were performed to confirm the applicability of the prepared films as a healing material for burned skin. Skin appendages, such as hair follicles and sebaceous gland in the dermis, were detected in normal structures by applying both of the composites to damaged skin.