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These results question whether such tendencies originate from social cognitive skills-as classically assumed-or reveal a nonsocial phenomenon. Future works should specifically test the widely assumed social nature of spontaneous perspective-taking.Wet fabric clinging to human skin may cause stickiness perception and facilitate wearing discomfort. This study aims to investigate the stickiness perception of wet fabrics via two contact modes (friction and adhesion-separation) as well as the influences of fabric properties and contact features on stickiness perception. A set of dynamic contact devices was developed to drive the samples to move horizontally or vertically on volar forearms. According to the magnitude estimation approach, 12 subjects were asked to assess the stickiness perceptions caused by 64 types of contact stimuli. The results showed that the water absorption capacity had a significant and negative correlation with stickiness perception under the two contact modes. However, the surface roughness was neither related to stickiness perception under the friction mode nor to stickiness perception under the adhesion-separation mode. There was an interaction between contact pressure and sliding velocity. The sliding velocity at medium or high pressure had a significant effect on stickiness perception, but the separating velocity had no significant effect. Stickiness perception under the friction mode is higher than that under the adhesion-separation mode in most cases. Consequently, the friction mode was considered the main contact mode that evokes stickiness perception.In the time of the Renaissance, a major aspect of vision science was understanding how spatial information projected to the viewpoint of the observer, that is, visual perspective, which is one of the primary cues to depth perception. Perspective representation was thus an early form of virtual reality. Although accurate perspective representation was developed earlier in the 15th century, the first analytic perspective scheme was developed by Piero della Francesca, whose chef d'oeuvre is in the Church of San Francesco, Arezzo, in which the present lecture took place. The focus of the lecture was to evaluate some of the contributions of Piero della Francesca and his 15th-century contemporaries to the visual science, art and symbolism of his era, and its significance for the perception of depth structure from two-dimensional images.This case study is an initial exploration as to whether the depiction of texture in a set of portraits, all portraying the same Sitter, is related to the familiar likeness assessments reported in a companion paper containing a principal component analysis (PCA) of the portraits' depiction of shape. Somewhat unexpectedly, a texture PCA failed to discriminate the high from low likeness portraits, despite experimentation with different pre-processing methods to reduce the portraits' high level of uninformative, image-level texture variability. There were some findings arising from these analyses, and while only indicative at this stage, include that linear histogram matching is effective in reducing variability in portrait brightness; that depicting, and perhaps exaggerating, shading relating to lighting direction may enhance portrait likeness; and, that whether minimised or exaggerated, lighting direction can be portrayed somewhat anomalously. Furthermore, and in agreement with findings from photographs, shape and texture were not found to be independent variables, and shape-free image registration, while very usefully enabling a comparison of closely corresponding pixel coordinate values, could itself be a confounding factor for undertaking a texture PCA with portraits produced under relatively ambient conditions.Visual perception is not always veridical but can be influenced by factors such as ease of acting, energetic cost, and even body type of the observer. This notion is called action-specific perception. Several effects of action capability on visual perception have been found, but there is much controversy as to whether these effects are truly perceptual. Because perception cannot be measured directly, resolving the controversy relies on ruling out alternative explanations through systematic testing. We combined one of the most robust action-specific effects (the Pong effect) with one of the primary suggestions for exploring an alternative explanation, namely whether the effect persists across instructions that emphasize different aspects of the task. The Pong effect was robust to the type of instructions. The results provide critical evidence that the Pong effect is truly perceptual, furthering the argument that a person's ability to act can influence visual perception.Parent-to-child aggressive behavior is a common risk factor for children's health. Selleck Cabozantinib Gender is correlated also to the odds of using aggression and the odds of being a victim of aggression. Yet, only few studies have considered the constellation of perpetrator's and victim's gender as a factor of parental aggression. The current study addresses parent-to-child aggressive behavior while focusing on the constellation of perpetrator's and victim's gender (i.e., mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, father-son). It utilizes a community sample of Israeli university students (N = 508), 78% of which are female, on average 25.67 years of age (SD = 8.29). The participants reported the incidence and frequency of verbal and physical aggressive behavior of their parents against them during the years of middle school. The results show gender and gender-constellation to be significantly correlated with parental aggression. Overall, sons were more likely to suffer both verbal and physical aggression from their parents than daughters were. Only paternal verbal and physical aggression was more common against daughters, and only maternal verbal and physical aggression was more common against sons. Parental verbal and physical aggression from both parents were more common against sons. For all types and forms of parental aggression, daughters reported higher frequencies. These results suggest that while parent's gender might predict their overall aggressive behavior, and child's gender might predict their overall odds to be victimized by parental aggression, gender-constellation might create gender-specific selective patterns of parental aggressive behavior. Thus, the theoretical contribution of this study is in emphasizing that gender-constellations have an explanatory value beyond gender alone. These findings might be valuable to assess the risk of daughters and sons to suffer parental aggression, and for practitioners to provide apt professional response.