Drakeespinoza1821

To determine the prevalence and practices of exposure to screen-based media in children by 15-18 months of age.

This observational descriptive study was conducted from March to August, 2019. Mothers of 370 healthy developmentally normal children (15-18 months of age) were enrolled during their visit to immunization clinic of a medical college affiliated hospital. Parental response to a semi-structured questionnaire was recorded to assess the initiation, frequency and duration of screen exposure, and related parental perceptions.

369 (99.7%) children were exposed to screen-based media till 18 months of age, starting from median (IQR) age of 10 (8, 12) months. Smartphone and television were being viewed by 354 (96%) and 328 (89%) children, respectively. Screen time was >1 hour/day in 328 (88.7%) and >2 hours/day in 209 (56.5%) children (median (IQR) 120 (80, 180) minutes/d). Most (72%) parents were not concerned with their child's screen time.

Almost all young children seem to be exposed to screen-based media by 18 months of age in the urban setting. Extensive use of screen-based media by young children calls for formulation of guidelines on toddlers' screen use and their dissemination to parents.

Almost all young children seem to be exposed to screen-based media by 18 months of age in the urban setting. selleck chemicals Extensive use of screen-based media by young children calls for formulation of guidelines on toddlers' screen use and their dissemination to parents.Italy was the first European nation to be affected by COVID-19. The biggest cluster of cases occurred in Lombardy, the most populous Italian region, and elderly men were the population hit in the hardest way. Besides its high infectivity, COVID-19 causes a severe cytokine storm and old people, especially those with comorbidities, appear to be the most vulnerable, presumably in connection to inflammaging. In centenarians inflammaging is much lower than predicted by their chronological age and females, presenting survival advantage in almost all centenarian populations, outnumber males, a phenomenon particularly evident in Northern Italy. Within this scenario, we wondered if a) the COVID-19 mortality in centenarians was lower than that in people aged between 50 and 80 and b) the mortality from COVID-19 in nonagenarians and centenarians highlighted gender differences.We checked COVID-19-related vulnerability/mortality at the peak of infection (March 2020), using data on total deaths (i.e. not only confirmed COVID-19 cases). Our conclusion is that excess mortality increases steadily up to very old ages and at the same time men older than 90 years become relatively more resilient than age-matched females.The current clinical classification of primary liver cancer is unable to efficiently predict the prognosis of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC). Accurate satellite nodules (SAT) and microvascular invasion (MVI) prediction in cHCC patients is very important for treatment decision making and prognostic evaluation. The aim of this work was to explore important factors affecting the prognosis of cHCC patients after liver resection and to develop preoperative nomograms to predict SAT and MVI in cHCC patients. The nomogram was developed using the data from 148 patients who underwent liver resection for cHCC patients at our hospital between January 2006 and December 2014. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, a nomogram integrating all significant independent factors affecting overall survival and recurrence-free survival was constructed to predict the prognosis of cHCC. Next, risk factors for SAT and MVI were evaluated with logistic regression. Blood signatures were established using the LASSO regression, and then, we combined the clinical risk factors and blood signatures of the patients to establish predictive models for SAT and MVI. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting survival was 0.685 (95% CI, 0.638 to 0.732), which was significantly higher than the C-index for other liver cancer classification systems.Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant serum antibody which structural characteristics and effector functions are modulated through the attachment of various sugar moieties called glycans. Composition of the IgG N-glycome changes with age of an individual and in different diseases. Variability of IgG glycosylation within a population is well studied and is known to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, global inter-population differences in IgG glycosylation have never been properly addressed. Here we present population-specific N-glycosylation patterns of IgG, analyzed in 5 different populations totaling 10,482 IgG glycomes, and of IgG's fragment crystallizable region (Fc), analyzed in 2,579 samples from 27 populations sampled across the world. Country of residence associated with many N-glycan features and the strongest association was with monogalactosylation where it explained 38% of variability. IgG monogalactosylation strongly correlated with the development level of a country, defined by United Nations health and socioeconomic development indicators, and with the expected lifespan. Subjects from developing countries had low levels of IgG galactosylation, characteristic for inflammation and ageing. Our results suggest that citizens of developing countries may be exposed to environmental factors that can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and the apparent increase in biological age.

Research on variables that encourage older adults to exercise is limited. This study was carried out to identify the participation motives of older Europeans involved in regular exercise.

The 418 (170 men, 248 women) who participated in the survey are participants of the Erasmus Plus European Project In Common Sports. The participants were divided into two groups. Italy, Portugal, and Spain formed the Southern Europe group, and Bulgaria and Hungary the Eastern European group. All participants completed the Participation Motivation Questionnaire Older Adults.

The most highly reported motives for participation were to have fun, stay in shape, keep healthy, and an enjoyment of exercise. link2 Principal-components analysis of the questionnaire revealed six factors social, fitness, recognition, challenge/benefits, medical, and involvement.

The reasons why the residents of Southern European practice exercise are more related to medical reasons, while for Eastern Europe these reasons are more related to recognition.

The reasons why the residents of Southern European practice exercise are more related to medical reasons, while for Eastern Europe these reasons are more related to recognition.The authors compared two self-report measures of physical activity, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), against the device-derived SenseWear Armband (SWA), to identify a recommended self-report tool to measure physical activity in older adults across physical function levels. A total of 65 community-dwelling older adults completed the PASE, CHAMPS, and seven full days of SWA wear. The authors measured physical function using the modified short physical performance battery (SPPB) and a usual-paced 6-m walk. Age- and sex-adjusted Spearman correlations showed that CHAMPS and SWA were correlated in higher functioning participants (SPPB ρ = .33, p = .03; gait speed ρ = .40, p = .006) and also correlated in lower functioning participants for SPPB (ρ = .70, p = .003) only. PASE and SWA were not significantly correlated across physical function. When an objective measure of physical activity is not practical, the CHAMPS questionnaire appears to capture physical activity for older adults across physical function levels.

Adolescent physical activity (PA) is widely linked to positive health outcomes. Unfortunately, 80% of adolescents do not meet recommendations, which may be due to perceived barriers to PA. Peer interactions significantly affect adolescent PA behaviors. This study aims to analyze distribution of PA barriers throughout adolescent friendship networks and barriers' associations with PA.

Adolescents (N = 383, mean = 10.77y, SD = 1.30y, 51.4% male) reported frequency of experiencing PA barriers (body related, social, fitness, convenience, and resource) and names of their friends. Average steps and minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA per day were measured using accelerometers. Linear network autocorrelation models determined if friends perceived barriers similarly when compared with nonfriends and analyzed relationships between barriers and objective PA measures while controlling for network effects.

Moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA, steps per day, body-related barriers, and social barriers displayed significant network effects, suggesting significant association with the scores of their friends. Average steps per day were significantly associated with age, sex, and social barriers, while inversely associated with fitness barriers.

This research suggests adolescents' perceived PA barriers are significantly associated with those of their friends. link3 Researchers and practitioners aiming to reduce barriers to PA among adolescents may wish to assess peer reinforcing effects.

This research suggests adolescents' perceived PA barriers are significantly associated with those of their friends. Researchers and practitioners aiming to reduce barriers to PA among adolescents may wish to assess peer reinforcing effects.

Kinesio Taping (KT) produces several clinical effects, including pain relief, edema absorption, and improved muscle performance. When applied in the insertion to origin mode, it is claimed to inhibit excessive muscle contractions.

Investigate whether KT applied in the insertion to origin mode could reduce the exaggerated reflex contraction of spastic muscles.

Randomized crossover trial, with a restricted block randomization.

Clinical laboratory and swimming pool.

Seven para-swimmers.

KT, applied in inhibitory mode, to investigate its effect on knee extensor spasticity.

Primary outcome is stretch reflex, as compared with clinical assessment of spasticity by Modified Ashworth Scale and self-perceived spasticity by numeric rating scale. Secondary outcomes were Medical Research Council for strength of knee extensor muscles and chronometric swimming performance in 100-m freestyle.

KT significantly decreased the amplitude of stretch reflex (P < .001), whereas the placebo treatment produced no significant effects. Scores of Medical Research Council for strength and Modified Ashworth Scale did not change after KT, whereas numeric rating scale scores for spasticity significantly decreased (P = .001). The swimming performance was significantly improved after KT treatment as compared with baseline (P < .01).

This exploratory study performed on para-athletes suggests that KT could reduce spasticity. This outcome has 3-fold implications for clinical, rehabilitation, and sport methods.

This exploratory study performed on para-athletes suggests that KT could reduce spasticity. This outcome has 3-fold implications for clinical, rehabilitation, and sport methods.