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Because of the highly efficient preconcentration, detection limits were downscaled to be 0.018 for TML and 0.023 ng L-1 for TEL with relative standard deviations below 5%. Additionally, the proposed method also yielded rapid separation of Pb(II), TML and TEL (8 min) by using green mobile phases (aqueous solutions of 5 mM sodium 1-pentanesulfonate at pH 2.5 with/without 4 mM tetrabutylammounium hydroxide). Upon successful application to fresh water, TML and TEL were only presented in the river water whereas Pb(II) was only existed in the tap water, along with accuracy validation by good spiked recoveries (93-106%).In this paper, a novel DNA-based biosensor is proposed, which is based on paramagnetic microbeads carrying an ochratoxin A (OTA) capture aptamer. A sandwich-like detection complex is linked to the capture aptamer and is able to trigger, in presence of OTA, an isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction. This latter generated autocatalytic units with a peroxidase activity (DNAzyme) that, in presence of a proper substrate, gave a blue-coloured product visible by the naked eye. The capture aptamer, blocked onto magnetic beads, allowed the specific capture of OTA in liquid samples. The modified detection aptamer, annealed to a circularized probe, was then used to detect the toxin capture event. Indeed, in the presence of OTA and an isothermal enzyme, the circular DNA was amplified, producing a single-stranded and tandem repeated long homologous copy of its sequence. In the DNA strand, a self-catalytic structure was formed with hemin as the catalytic core, inducing the development of blue colour in the presence of ABTS and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the biosensor has high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of OTA, as low as 1.09 × 10-12 ng/mL. Moreover, the proposed biosensor was successfully used for the detection of OTA in naturally contaminated rat urine. Accuracy and repeatability data obtained in recovery experiments were satisfying, being recoveries >95% with relative standard deviations in the range 3.6-15%. For the first time, an aptasensor was successfully applied to detect OTA in biological fluids. It can be used for mycotoxin biomonitoring and assessment of individual exposure.GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts) is a novel class of materials that exhibits similar features to those of ionic liquids, but have melting points between 25 and 250 °C. GUMBOS can be easily converted into nanomaterials (nanoGUMBOS), with advantages of working at nanoscale. Due to the huge number of possible cation-anion combinations, these materials can be multifunctional and designed for a specific task. This review highlights the possibility of fine-tuning GUMBOS physical and chemical properties in view of changing their ionic counterparts. Their outstanding potential for analytical applications is shown through recent developments in areas such as sensing, and solid-phase extraction. Available methods for synthesis of nanoGUMBOS, and their different outcomes in shapes and optical properties are described, with pros and cons being outlined. Finally, an analysis is made of opportunities and challenges faced by this class of organic ionic materials.The purpose of this corrigendum is to present the correct silyl-acceptor reactivity order.Infrared (IR; or mid-infrared, MIR; 4000-400 cm-1; 2500-25,000 nm) spectroscopy has become one of the most powerful and versatile tools at the disposal of modern bioscience. Because of its high molecular specificity, applicability to wide variety of samples, rapid measurement and non-invasivity, IR spectroscopy forms a potent approach to elucidate qualitative and quantitative information from various kinds of biological material. For these reasons, it became an established bioanalytical technique with diverse applications. This work aims to be a comprehensive and critical review of the recent accomplishments in the field of biomolecular and bioanalytical IR spectroscopy. That progress is presented on a wider background, with fundamental characteristics, the basic principles of the technique outlined, and its scientific capability directly compared with other methods being used in similar fields (e.g. near-infrared, Raman, fluorescence). The article aims to present a complete examination of the topic, as it todynamics of biomolecules. The application potential of IR spectroscopy in light of the current accomplishments and the future prospects is critically evaluated and its significance in the progress of bioscience is comprehensively presented.A new solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating was prepared by the immobilization of the metal-organic framework (MOF) CIM-80(Al) on nitinol wires by a green in situ growth approach, using an aqueous synthetic approach, and without the need of any additional material to ensure the attachment of the MOF to the nitinol support. The coating was used for the development of headspace (HS) and direct immersion (DI) SPME methods in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model compounds. Both methods were optimized and validated using the MOF-based fiber together with the commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. find more The MOF extraction phase exhibited superior analytical performance for most of the PAHs in HS-SPME mode (and particularly for less volatiles), while the PDMS fiber presented better results in the DI-SPME method. The analytical performance of the MOF sorbent coating in HS- and DI-SPME methods was also evaluated in urine and brewed coffee samples, without requiring any pretreatment step apart from dilution for DI-SPME experiments, thus showing suitability of the novel coatings for the analysis of complex samples. The proposed CIM-80(Al) fiber was efficient and biocompatible (for using a low cytotoxic sorbent and a biocompatible core support), and it also demonstrated stability and robustness, with inter-fiber (and inter-day) relative standard deviation values lower than 19%, and reusability for more than 80 extraction cycles using 280 °C as desorption temperature.