Dotsonstone1487

4, 35.4, 21.7 and 18.9%) and (8.5, 5.6, 3.5, 2.2 and 1.9 mg g-1), respectively. The selectivity of heavy metal ions resulted in the magnitude order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+.Dyes are widely used in production and life. In this study, porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) were synthesized and the adsorption behavior for three dyes was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. CTFs were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques for structure, porosity and surface properties. Several possible adsorption mechanisms were proposed including pore-filling, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding interaction with the triazine structure of CTFs. The mechanisms were further verified by the pore size distribution and pH dependence. Additionally, CTFDCBP displayed stronger adsorption affinity and faster adsorption kinetics for dyes, because of the wide pore size distribution. This study provides a new insight into the mesoporous CTFs, which exhibit great potential as an effective adsorbent for dye removal.Hydrothermal carbonization is a feasible way to convert biomass into valuable hydrochar, the recycle of spent liquor during HTC is beneficial to reduce the output of spent liquor. The effects of spent liquor recycle on the properties of hydrochar and the biogas potential of spent liquor are investigated in this study. Part of the spent liquor (50% volume fraction) was recycled four times at 220 and 240 °C HTC, respectively. The results showed that the surface area of hydrochar was in the range of 7.2-8.6 m2/g after spent liquor recycle, and the peak of -OH, C = O and C-O became more intense. The Cd2+ adsorption capacity of hydrochar was around 1.3 mg/g and it decreased by 0.02-0.15 mg/g after spent liquor recycle. 6ThiodG The biogas yield of spent liquor kept declining from 263 to 29 mL/g-COD with each cycle of spent liquor. Our results suggest that spent liquor recycle is a promising method to improve hydrothermal carbonization process.In the present study, the concept of 'environmental floors' in the multi-storeyed building is proposed, where separate treatment of greywater by gravity-governed stabilization tank and blackwater by underground Malaprabha digester of the DOSIWAM (Decentralized On-Site Integrated WAste Management) system is carried out. The study evaluates the feasibility of the non-mechanised DOSIWAM system by comparing it with the mechanised activated sludge process (ASP) with the life cycle and cost assessment (LCA and LCCA) method. The LCA was carried out with the SimaPro software using the impact 2002+ method. Both systems served a multi-storeyed (G + 30) building with 890 population equivalent. The LCA results reveal that the non-mechanised DOSIWAM system has three to six times reduced environmental impacts than the ASP system in almost all impact categories. Although DOSIWAMS' weaker removal efficiency dominates in the results of aquatic eutrophication and acidification impact, the latter comparative economical assessment showed to be the most cost-effective alternative due to reduced land use cost, O&M cost, and benefits achieved with energy recovery in the form of biogas. The electricity and chemical consumption in the operation phase caused the highest environmental impact for the ASP system, whereas the production of clinker and steel are responsible for a detrimental impact in the construction phase of the DOSIWAM system.In this study, the performance and mechanism of nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with and without zero-valent iron (ZVI) was investigated. The results showed that ZVI had a capacity to promote NH4+-N conversion, NO2--N accumulation and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal, with the TIN removal rate being increased by 29.45%. The ZVI also had a significant impact on microbial community structure by means of high-throughput pyrosequencing, increasing the enrichment of Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bacteria Candidatus Brocadia and Feammox (anaerobic ferric ammonium oxidation) bacteria Ignavibacterium. With ZVI addition, the main pathway of nitrogen removal was changed from nitrification-heterotrophic denitrification to Anammox and Feammox.Rejected water from sludge processing in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is very harmful due to its high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. It is therefore necessary to find a low-cost and convenient technique to simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from rejected water. In this study, natural granular zeolite was modified by NaCl and La(OH)3 to obtain a new material (Na@La-MZP), with several advantages compared with powdered zeolite. Na@La-MZP could remove 92.61% ammonia nitrogen (50 mg/L) and 99.01% phosphate (60 mg/L) at the optimal conditions of dosage 12.5 g/L, initial pH 6.0 and reaction time 12 hours, which enabled the effluent to satisfy the discharge standard (GB 18918-2002) for municipal WWTPs in China. The maximum adsorption capacity of Na@La-MZP was determined as 17.92 mg NH4+-N/g and 9.53 mg P/g by the Langmuir isotherm. Pseudo-second-order kinetics could well illustrate the adsorption process and show that the ammonia nitrogen and phosphate can be degraded by chemical reaction. The characterizations of Na@La-MZP confirmed the removal mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. The Na@La-MZP still maintained more than 75% removal efficiency after five reuses. Furthermore, the estimated cost of this treatment method was 0.22 $/m3 rejected water.Low-cost banana stalk (Musa nana Lour.) biochar was prepared using oxygen-limited pyrolysis (at 500 °C and used), to remove heavy metal ions (including Zn(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II)) from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments showed that the initial solution pH affected the ability of the biochar to adsorb heavy metal ions in single- and polymetal systems. Compared to Mn(II) and Zn(II), the biochar exhibited highly selective Cu(II) adsorption. The adsorption kinetics of all three metal ions followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The isotherm data demonstrated the Langmuir model fit for Zn(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II). The results showed that the chemical adsorption of single molecules was the main heavy metal removal mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities (mg·g-1) were ranked as Cu(II) (134.88) > Mn(II) (109.10) > Zn(II) (108.10)) by the single-metal adsorption isotherms at 298 K. Moreover, characterization analysis was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.