Donovandunlap6817

Results Significant changes were determined in PON1, PON3 and MDA levels. PON1 and PON3 levels decreased significantly in patients with PCa, while MDA levels increased. PON1 and PON3 increased postoperatively in the PCa group, while MDA decreased. BPH group PON1, PON3 and MDA levels were higher than those of the control group. Conclusion An increase in free oxygen radicals in the body or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels can result in malignant and benign diseases of the prostate. 8-Bromo-cAMP ic50 Surgical excision of malignant tissue in PCa causes a decrease in oxidative stress.An erratum is presented to correct the caption of Fig. 1 and the citation number in Fig. 7(d) in the original article [Opt. Express 27, 17581 (2019)].We report here on one-dimensional (1D) grating couplers based on hybrid silicon/LNOI platform for polarization-independent and high-efficient single-polarization coupling efficiencies. A low index oxide buffer layer was introduced in between the top silicon high index grating coupler and bottom LNOI waveguide. With optimal design of the buffer layer thicknesses, modal and index matches can be tuned for either single polarization or both TE/TM polarization coupling applications. Over 70% coupling efficiency can be achieved for single polarization based on the basic uniform 1D grating coupler design without any bottom reflectors incorporated. Polarization independent coupling efficiency of 51% was also achieved. The spectral bandwidth is over 50 nm with polarization dependent loss of 0.1 dB. The proposed structure is simple to fabricate. Detailed modal and loss analysis suggest different dominant loss mechanisms in the proposed hybrid structure, where the introduction of the bottom mirror may not result in significant improvement in coupling efficiency, as the dominant loss mechanism arises from the top reflection loss.A novel terahertz nanofilm sensor consisting of toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum (TD-BIC) inspired Fano resonance metasurface is proposed and investigated, which exhibits both the TD character and BIC feature. When the mirror symmetry of the unit cell was broken, the TD resonance was excited and demonstrated by anti-aligned magnetic dipoles and calculated scattering powers and the BIC mode was verified with the quality factor satisfying the inverse square law. Combined with the amplitude difference referencing technique, the TD-BIC inspired Fano resonance was utilized for nanofilm sensing at THz frequencies for the first time. Simulation results show that the amplitude difference can be easily observed by comparing the resonance frequency shift under difference thicknesses of germanium overlayer. Moreover, by coating with a 40 nm-thick analyte overlayer, the sensitivity of amplitude difference can achieve 0.32/RIU, which is a significant value and more suitable for sensing nanofilm analytes than the traditional frequency shift method. These advantages make our proposed structure have potential applications in sensing nanofilm analytes.3D point reconstruction is a crucial component in optical inspection. A direct reconstruction process is proposed by combining two similarity invariants in active vision. A planar reference with an isosceles-right-angle pattern and a coplanar laser are adopted to generate the laser projective point on the measured object. The first invariant is the image of the conic dual to the circular points (ICDCP), which is derived from the lines in two pairs of perpendicular directions on the reference pattern. The invariant provides the transform from the projection space to the similarity space. Then, the ratio of the line segments consisting of the laser projection points and reference points is constructed as the other similarity invariant, by which the laser projection point in the similarity space is converted to Euclidean space. The solution of the laser point is modeled by the ratio invariant of the line segments and improved by a special point selection to avoid nonlinear equations. Finally, the benchmark-camera distance, the benchmark-generator distance, the benchmark length, image noise, and the number of orthogonal lines are experimentally investigated to explore the effectiveness and reconstruction error of the method. The reconstruction error averages of 0.94, 1.22, 1.77, and 2.15 mm are observed from the experiment results with the benchmark-camera distances from 600 mm to 750 mm with a 50 mm interval. This proves the validity and practicability of the reconstruction method.We demonstrate that the phase-matched dispersive wave (DW) emission within the resonance band of a 25-cm-long gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) can be strongly enhanced by the photoionization effect of the pump pulse. In the experiments, we observe that as the pulse energy increases, the pump pulse gradually shifts to shorter wavelengths due to soliton-plasma interactions. When the central wavelength of the blueshifting soliton is close to the resonance band of the HC-PCF, high-efficiency energy transfer from the pump light to the DW in the visible region can be obtained. During this DW emission process, we observe that the spectral center of the DW gradually shifts to longer wavelengths leading to a slightly increased DW bandwidth, which can be well explained as the consequence of phase-matched coupling between the pump pulse and the DW. In particular, at an input pulse energy of 6 µJ, the spectral ratio of the DW at the fiber output is measured to be as high as ∼53%, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of ∼19%. These experimental results, well accompanied by theoretical simulations and analysis, offer a practical and effective method of generating high-efficiency tunable visible light sources and provide a few useful insights into the fields of soliton-plasma interaction and resonance-induced DW emission.The electromagnetic field concentration effect can greatly enhance light-matter interaction and is of practical interest in applications such as wireless power transfer and sensors. Zero-index media, unusual materials with near-zero relative permittivity (ɛ) and/or permeability (µ), play a key role in tailoring the properties of electromagnetic waves in unique ways. In this work, circuit-based isotropic µ-near-zero (MNZ) media were theoretically proposed and constructed based on two-dimensional transmission lines with lumped elements. Magnetic field concentration was experimentally demonstrated in this circuit-based system, which could be realized by using a small MNZ scatterer and the results agreed well with simulations. Moreover, the MNZ scatterer exhibited a robust enhancement of the magnetic field regardless of its position and number. By applying the magnetic field concentration effect of MNZ scatterers, we also study the flexible manipulation of the electromagnetic energy along different paths. These results not only provide a versatile platform to study abnormal scattering phenomena in metamaterials, but also offer a route to enhance the magnetic field in planar systems.