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3% for HC, EMCI, LMCI and AD against baseline of 25%. In addition, the recognition rate was lower when combining EMCI and LMCI patients into one group of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for classification, suggesting that there exists a big difference between early and late MCI patients. This finding supports the EMCI/LMCI inclusion criteria introduced by ADNI based on neuropsychological assessments.Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) is persistent pain and disability following lumbar laminectomy which is associated with decreased quality of life and disability and has been reported in up to 40% of the patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. Several approaches have been introduced to reduce the rate of the FBSS. Among these, applying anti-adhesive barrier gels have been studied with interest with controversial results. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of anti-adhesive barrier gels on functional outcome and recurrence of patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery. We searched databases including EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and scholar databases until November 2019. Bleomycin nmr To assess the heterogeneity across included studies was used Cochran's Q and I-square (I2) statistics. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI between were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Out of 4507, 10 clinical trials found to be appropriate for current meta-analysis. The pooled results of included clinical trials indicated that adhesion barrier gel significantly decreased leg pain (LP) (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI, -0.60, -0.03; P = 0.032; I2 59.2%) among patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery. Back pain (BP) (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.23, 0.16; P = 0.734; I2 40.2%), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) (SMD = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.27, 0.05; P = 0.178; I2 0.0%), were not significantly affected following adhesion barrier gel application. Application of adhesion barrier gel in single level lumbar disc surgery is associated with deceased leg pain. However, its application does not affect the low back pain, disability and gate. Further, larger randomized clinical trials are required.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is in elimination phase in India while cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is being reported from new foci. In Himachal Pradesh (HP), a foci of CL had been reported along Satluj River, but the causative agent poses a dilemma, hence the present study was undertaken in Shimla, Kullu and Kinnaur districts.

A total of 28 CL patients from Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital Shimla (IGMC) in 2018, were tested by rK39., Twelve fresh cases were subjected to microscopic detection of

parasite, PCR and sequencing. Skin biopsies of 3-4 mm diameter were cultured, as well as imprints were prepared for the detection of

amastigotes. Biopsy samples were inoculated into different culture media (M199, RPMI 1640, NNN) and were incubated at 22-24 °C. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to characterize

parasite species.

Of 28 patients, one was positive by rK39 dipstick test and one imprint was found positive for

amstigotes. Twelve biopsy DNA samples subjected to PCR for

kD. Further studies are warranted to confirm the existence of L.donovani zymodeme MON37 from cases of CL in HP or L.donovani zymodeme MON2 strain causing VL in Bihar. Elimination of CL should also be considered along with goal of Kala -Azar elimination.This research investigated the high content of iron-based materials from recycled electro-coagulated (EC) sludge for the adsorptive removal of fluoride, and the properties of the material were characterized. The thermal activation of EC sludge in which the unwanted impurity was removed by beneficiation and thermally activated at 500 °C, and was used for fluoride removal. Basic operating parameters (mixing time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, solution pH, and temperature) were examined to evaluate the optimum de-fluoridation capacity (DC). The functional groups, the crystalline structure, and surface morphology of thermally treated and raw EC sludge were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM, respectively, and demonstrates that thermally activated EC sludge contains significant content of magnetite and hematite. The optimum DC was recorded as 5.12 mg of F-/gm with experimental conditions mixing time = 20 min, adsorbent dosage = 0.3 gm/100 ml, initial fluoride concentration = 1 mg/L, and pH = 5 at the temperature of 353 K. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted, and the capacity is calculated as 6.43 mg/g. The adsorption process follows the Pseudo-Second-order kinetic models. It can be concluded that the prepared adsorbents have excellent fluoride removal capacity, and EC sludge can be used as an alternative adsorbent for de-fluoridation.The plights of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), including hunger, rape, insecurity, and death, have assumed a frightening dimension in North-eastern Nigeria with the sustained intervention of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) to ameliorate their sufferings. This paper aimed to assess the response capacity of NEMA to the plights of the IDPs in North-eastern Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to examine the nature and dimensions of the plights of the IDPs in the Northeast, identify their coping strategies, and assess the impact of NEMA's response strategies on the burgeoning situation. The study used a qualitative survey research design, in which 166 key Informant Interviews (KII) were conducted. The primary designs were complemented by secondary data, which was derived from books, journal articles, and News tabloids. Data generated were descriptively analyzed. Major findings from the paper were that the Boko Haram insurgency was primarily responsible for the mass displacement of persons in North-eastern Nigeria. The IDPs are facing lots of challenges in the camps with weak coping strategies while the intervention of NEMA through the provision of relief materials, rehabilitation and resettlement programs, and linking of the displaced with family members have reduced the plights of the IDPs. However, the Agency currently has the minimal operational capacity to ameliorate the plights of the IDPs due to the protracted nature of the insurgency, legal restriction on the operational mandates of NEMA, corruption, and limited funding of the agency. The Study recommended improved funding of the Agency and enactment of IDP-specific constitutional roles for maximum impact of NEMA on the amelioration of the plights of the IDPs in North-Eastern Nigeria.