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Moreover, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy revealed the intensive accumulation of the phytoplasma in phloem tissues and massive accumulation of storage starch in vascular bundle sheath and parenchyma. Altogether, this study illustrated the genetic variability of global ROLP isolates and the pathogen's biological impact on rice tissue.One of the essential attributes of a cleaning robot is to achieve complete area coverage. Current commercial indoor cleaning robots have fixed morphology and are restricted to clean only specific areas in a house. The results of maximum area coverage are sub-optimal in this case. Tiling robots are innovative solutions for such a coverage problem. These new kinds of robots can be deployed in the cases of cleaning, painting, maintenance, and inspection, which require complete area coverage. Tiling robots' objective is to cover the entire area by reconfiguring to different shapes as per the area requirements. In this context, it is vital to have a framework that enables the robot to maximize the area coverage while minimizing energy consumption. That means it is necessary for the robot to cover the maximum area with the least number of shape reconfigurations possible. The current paper proposes a complete area coverage planning module for the modified hTrihex, a honeycomb-shaped tiling robot, based on the deep reinforcement learning technique. This framework simultaneously generates the tiling shapes and the trajectory with minimum overall cost. In this regard, a convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short term memory (LSTM) layer was trained using the actor-critic experience replay (ACER) reinforcement learning algorithm. The simulation results obtained from the current implementation were compared against the results that were generated through traditional tiling theory models that included zigzag, spiral, and greedy search schemes. The model presented in the current paper was also compared against other methods where this problem was considered as a traveling salesman problem (TSP) solved through genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) approaches. Our proposed scheme generates a path with a minimized cost at a lesser time.We report a rare case that was initially diagnosed as an inflammatory lesion and ultimately confirmed as primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in an immunocompetent patient who was not treated with corticosteroid prior to the initial biopsy. A 70-year-old female patient presented with numbness in the left side of face, arm, and leg. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a lesion with intense gadolinium (Gd)-enhancement in the ventral portion of the midbrain. A stereotactic biopsy demonstrated mixed T-cell and B-cell infiltrating inflammatory lesions without demyelination. Three months after postoperative treatment with steroid, the lesion markedly decreased on follow-up MRI. selleck chemical Twenty-six months after the initial attack, she complained of dysarthria and urinary incontinence. Repetitive MRI showed a lesion with homogeneous enhancement, extensively involving the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, corpus callosum, and the right middle cerebellar peduncle. The confirmed diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma on the second biopsy. Despite our best efforts, she died 38 months after disease onset. Based on review of the literature and our case, preceding inflammatory lesions are not always demyelinating and T-cell dominant inflammatory lesions. When the initial biopsy reveals an inflammatory lesion in an old-aged patient, the clinician should keep in mind the development of PCNSL and perform close clinical and radiological observations for a timely diagnosis.Few scientific reports have suggested the possibility of using natural phenolic acids as functional substances, such as stabilizers for polymeric materials. The replacement of commercial stabilizers in the polymer industry can be beneficial to human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to obtain biodegradable composition of polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) with natural amber (succinic) acid. The materials were subjected to controlled thermooxidation and solar aging. The research methodology included thermal analysis, examination of surface energy, mechanical properties and spectrophotometric analysis of the color change after aging. The samples of aliphatic polyesters containing from 1 to 2 parts by weight of succinic acid were characterized by increased resistance to oxidation (DSC analysis). Natural acid, preferably at a concentration of 1-1.5 parts by weight, acted as a stabilizer in the polymer compositions. On the other hand, materials that had amber acid above 2 parts by weight added were more susceptible to oxidation (DSC). They also showed the lowest aging coefficients (K). The addition of acid at 2.5-4 parts by weight caused a pro-oxidative effect and accelerated aging. By adding amber acid to PLA and PHA, it is possible to design their time in service and their overall lifetime.'Orin' is a popular apple cultivar, which has a yellow-green appearance, pleasant taste, and unique aroma. However, few studies on the fruit quality characteristics of 'Orin' apples have been reported before. In this study, changes of the physiological characteristics were measured at different ripening stages, and the soluble sugars and organic acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Volatile compounds were identified using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). During the fruit ripening, the 'Orin' apple fruit weight, size, and total soluble solid were gradually increased by contrast with the titratable acidity, and the firmness decreased. The content of four soluble sugars reached the maximum at the 180 days after full bloom (DAFB) stage. Malic acid was measured as the most abundant organic acid in 'Orin' apples. Ethyl butyrate, hexyl propanoate, hexyl acetate and butyl acetate belonging to esters with high odor activity values (OAVs) could be responsible for the typical aroma of 'Orin' apples. The aim of this work was to provide information on the flavor characteristics of 'Orin' apples and promote this apple cultivar for marketing and processing in the future.