Dickensalford1148

RESULTS In Model 1, the only hostile trait associated with incident cardiac events was irritability (HR for one interquartile range 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.32). This association was no longer statistically significant when further adjusting for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms, in turn, remained significant predictors of cardiac events with HRs ranging from 1.40-1.49 (binary). LIMITATIONS Hostility traits were measured only once. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms might explain the association between irritability and cardiac events and should therefore be prioritized in interventions aiming to prevent cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying this association. BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness. Personality traits and comorbidity with affective and anxiety disorders are key-aspects of its pathogenesis but little attention has been paid so far to affective temperaments in AN. Also, childhood anxiety is proposed to impact on AN clinical severity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if affective temperaments could be related to AN eating psychopathology also clarifying if those with low versus high scores on depressive and anxious temperaments could differ in AN clinical current and lifetime severity. METHODS One-hundred and forty-seven inpatients with AN were consecutively recruited. All participants completed Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory. Clinical data were collected upon admission. RESULTS Regression models showed that all affective temperaments were associated with eating psychopathology (eating restraint and eating, shape, and weight concerns); however, when controlling for confounders, only the anxious temperament remained significant. Also, those patients with higher scores on depressive and anxious temperaments reported higher current and lowest lifetime body mass index (BMI). LIMITATIONS Only inpatients were recruited; self-report assessments were used and follow-up data are lacking. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study support the association between affective (anxious in particular) temperament traits and the presence of altered eating psychopathology in AN. Also, higher traits of depressive and anxious temperaments reported higher current and lowest lifetime BMI. Should these findings be confirmed, the assessment of the anxious temperament could fruitfully inform prevention and treatment interventions for AN. BACKGROUND The etiology in bipolar disorder has not been fully understanding. There are limited data regarding the relationship between the permeability of intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and bipolar disorder etiology. Zonulin is regarded as a non-invasive biomarker for intestinal permeability. Claudin-5 is an important part of BBB permeability. In this study, we assumed that there may be a deterioration in serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in patients with bipolar disorder and this may affect the severity of the disease. METHODS Forty-one bipolar disorder patients (21 patients in remission and 20 patients with manic episodes) and 41 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were administered Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to determine the severity of manic and depressive symptoms, respectively. Venous blood samples were collected, and serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels were measured. RESULTS The mean serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in patients were significantly higher than healthy controls. There is no difference zonulin and claudın-5 levels between patients with manic episodes and patients in remission. LIMITATION This study's small sample size limits the generalization of these outcomes to a larger population. Also, a major limitation of our study is lack of evaluations of gut microbiota in patients with bipolar disorder and controls. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current research indicates that zonulin and claudin-5 are increased in patients with bipolar disorder and this finding may contribute to the role of intestinal permeability or BBB in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. BACKGROUND The population of older prisoners (age ≥50), a group with high suicide rates, is growing. We sought to explore the associations among functional disability, depression, and suicidal ideation (SI) among older prisoners, focusing on the mediating role of depression. METHODS Study participants were 220 sentenced male inmates age ≥50 who were incarcerated in 8 prisons. Face-to-face interviews were conducted following consent. Functional disability was assessed objectively, using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and via self-report by asking participants their level of difficulty climbing stairs and completing activities necessary for daily living in prison (PADLS) such as standing in line for medications. The PHQ-9 and the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale assessed depressive symptoms and SI, respectively. Data were analyzed using linear regression models and causal mediation models. RESULTS Participants were racially diverse and ranged from age 50 to 79 years. Whereas each functional disability measure was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, difficulty climbing stairs and PADL disability, but not SPPB score, were independently associated with SI. Depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between functional disability, assessed both objectively and via self-report, and SI. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study design; possible under-sampling of participants with depressive symptoms and SI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have implications for suicide prevention in older prisoners. Entospletinib As this population continues to grow, prevention efforts should target those with depression, including but not limited to those with functional disability. Furthermore, assessing functional disability may offer a means of identifying those who should be screened for depression and suicidal ideation. V.BACKGROUND Increasing knowledge on suicide prevention has been shown to be important for suicide prevention. This paper exams the accomplishment of research on suicide and examine how those research activities contribute to the change of suicide rates. METHODS Data of the publications relating to suicide from 1990 to 2018 were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus. Bibliographic information was analyzed and the relationships between suicide rates with the number of publications per million population and the average article citations per year were examined. RESULTS From 1990 to 2018, globally, publications on suicide have increased significantly. The United States ("USA") had the greatest number of publications. Research collaborations among different countries/regions have been flourishing and multinational centers have become more common than ever. Nonetheless, in some countries/regions with high rates of suicide, suicide research was scarce. It was found that the number of publications per million population and the average article citations per year were negatively correlated with the suicide rates at the global level (r = - 0.